Facile preparation of flame-retardant cellulose composite with biodegradable and water resistant properties for electronic device applications

Saravanan Chandrasekaran; Alvaro Cruz-Izquierdo; Remi Castaing; Baljinder Kandola; Janet L. Scott

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30078-0

Facile preparation of flame-retardant cellulose composite with biodegradable and water resistant properties for electronic device applications

Saravanan Chandrasekaran, Alvaro Cruz-Izquierdo, Remi Castaing, Baljinder Kandola, Janet L. Scott

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to produce flexible, flame-retardant, water-resistant and biodegradable composite materials. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop simple processes for the production of bio-based materials capable of replacing non-degradable substrates in printed circuit board. Cellulose was chosen as a renewable resource, and dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid to prepare a cellulosic continuous film. Since flame retardancy is an important criterion for electronic device applications and cellulose is naturally flammable, we incorporated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame-retardant filler to increase the flame retardancy of the produced materials. The developed material achieved a UL-94 HB rating in the flammability test, while the cellulose sample without APP failed the test. Two hydrophobic agents, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate and trichloro(octadecyl)silane were applied by a simple dip-coating technique to impart hydrophobicity to the cellulose-APP composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the mechanical properties of the cellulosic materials were not significantly affected by the addition of APP or the hydrophobic agents. Moreover, the biodegradability of the cellulosic materials containing APP increased owing to the presence of the cellulase enzyme. The hydrophobic coating slightly decreased the biodegradability of cellulose-APP, but it was still higher than that of pure cellulose film.

Original language	English
Article number	3168
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30078-0
Publication status	Published - 23 Feb 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Authors gratefully acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the United Kingdom for project funding of the CLEVER project. The authors thank the project collaborators from Newcastle University, University of Oxford, University of Surrey and Loughborough University for their kind support during the CLEVER project discussion. SC and JLS thanks to University of Bath, Department of Chemical Engineering staff for their great support during the research activities in their facilities. Materials characterisation facilities were provided through the Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2) at University of Bath (https://doi.org/10.15125/mx6j-3r54). Chemox Pound limited, UK is gratefully acknowledged for their APP sample.

Funding Information:
This project work was funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) with project REFERENCE number: EP/K026380/1, United Kingdom. Dr. Janet L Scott has received this research grant.

Funding Information:
Authors gratefully acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the United Kingdom for project funding of the CLEVER project. The authors thank the project collaborators from Newcastle University, University of Oxford, University of Surrey and Loughborough University for their kind support during the CLEVER project discussion. SC and JLS thanks to University of Bath, Department of Chemical Engineering staff for their great support during the research activities in their facilities. Materials characterisation facilities were provided through the Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC) at University of Bath ( https://doi.org/10.15125/mx6j-3r54 ). Chemox Pound limited, UK is gratefully acknowledged for their APP sample. 2

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1038/s41598-023-30078-0Licence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{e96833b2bfa94cf2858bf27cfb94b02d,

title = "Facile preparation of flame-retardant cellulose composite with biodegradable and water resistant properties for electronic device applications",

abstract = "The aim of the present study is to produce flexible, flame-retardant, water-resistant and biodegradable composite materials. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop simple processes for the production of bio-based materials capable of replacing non-degradable substrates in printed circuit board. Cellulose was chosen as a renewable resource, and dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid to prepare a cellulosic continuous film. Since flame retardancy is an important criterion for electronic device applications and cellulose is naturally flammable, we incorporated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame-retardant filler to increase the flame retardancy of the produced materials. The developed material achieved a UL-94 HB rating in the flammability test, while the cellulose sample without APP failed the test. Two hydrophobic agents, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate and trichloro(octadecyl)silane were applied by a simple dip-coating technique to impart hydrophobicity to the cellulose-APP composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the mechanical properties of the cellulosic materials were not significantly affected by the addition of APP or the hydrophobic agents. Moreover, the biodegradability of the cellulosic materials containing APP increased owing to the presence of the cellulase enzyme. The hydrophobic coating slightly decreased the biodegradability of cellulose-APP, but it was still higher than that of pure cellulose film.",

author = "Saravanan Chandrasekaran and Alvaro Cruz-Izquierdo and Remi Castaing and Baljinder Kandola and Scott, {Janet L.}",

note = "Funding Information: Authors gratefully acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the United Kingdom for project funding of the CLEVER project. The authors thank the project collaborators from Newcastle University, University of Oxford, University of Surrey and Loughborough University for their kind support during the CLEVER project discussion. SC and JLS thanks to University of Bath, Department of Chemical Engineering staff for their great support during the research activities in their facilities. Materials characterisation facilities were provided through the Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2) at University of Bath (https://doi.org/10.15125/mx6j-3r54). Chemox Pound limited, UK is gratefully acknowledged for their APP sample. Funding Information: This project work was funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) with project REFERENCE number: EP/K026380/1, United Kingdom. Dr. Janet L Scott has received this research grant. Funding Information: Authors gratefully acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the United Kingdom for project funding of the CLEVER project. The authors thank the project collaborators from Newcastle University, University of Oxford, University of Surrey and Loughborough University for their kind support during the CLEVER project discussion. SC and JLS thanks to University of Bath, Department of Chemical Engineering staff for their great support during the research activities in their facilities. Materials characterisation facilities were provided through the Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC) at University of Bath ( https://doi.org/10.15125/mx6j-3r54 ). Chemox Pound limited, UK is gratefully acknowledged for their APP sample. 2 ",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "23",

doi = "10.1038/s41598-023-30078-0",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Scientific Reports",

issn = "2045-2322",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Facile preparation of flame-retardant cellulose composite with biodegradable and water resistant properties for electronic device applications

AU - Chandrasekaran, Saravanan

AU - Cruz-Izquierdo, Alvaro

AU - Castaing, Remi

AU - Kandola, Baljinder

AU - Scott, Janet L.

N1 - Funding Information: Authors gratefully acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the United Kingdom for project funding of the CLEVER project. The authors thank the project collaborators from Newcastle University, University of Oxford, University of Surrey and Loughborough University for their kind support during the CLEVER project discussion. SC and JLS thanks to University of Bath, Department of Chemical Engineering staff for their great support during the research activities in their facilities. Materials characterisation facilities were provided through the Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2) at University of Bath (https://doi.org/10.15125/mx6j-3r54). Chemox Pound limited, UK is gratefully acknowledged for their APP sample. Funding Information: This project work was funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) with project REFERENCE number: EP/K026380/1, United Kingdom. Dr. Janet L Scott has received this research grant. Funding Information: Authors gratefully acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the United Kingdom for project funding of the CLEVER project. The authors thank the project collaborators from Newcastle University, University of Oxford, University of Surrey and Loughborough University for their kind support during the CLEVER project discussion. SC and JLS thanks to University of Bath, Department of Chemical Engineering staff for their great support during the research activities in their facilities. Materials characterisation facilities were provided through the Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC) at University of Bath ( https://doi.org/10.15125/mx6j-3r54 ). Chemox Pound limited, UK is gratefully acknowledged for their APP sample. 2

PY - 2023/2/23

Y1 - 2023/2/23

N2 - The aim of the present study is to produce flexible, flame-retardant, water-resistant and biodegradable composite materials. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop simple processes for the production of bio-based materials capable of replacing non-degradable substrates in printed circuit board. Cellulose was chosen as a renewable resource, and dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid to prepare a cellulosic continuous film. Since flame retardancy is an important criterion for electronic device applications and cellulose is naturally flammable, we incorporated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame-retardant filler to increase the flame retardancy of the produced materials. The developed material achieved a UL-94 HB rating in the flammability test, while the cellulose sample without APP failed the test. Two hydrophobic agents, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate and trichloro(octadecyl)silane were applied by a simple dip-coating technique to impart hydrophobicity to the cellulose-APP composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the mechanical properties of the cellulosic materials were not significantly affected by the addition of APP or the hydrophobic agents. Moreover, the biodegradability of the cellulosic materials containing APP increased owing to the presence of the cellulase enzyme. The hydrophobic coating slightly decreased the biodegradability of cellulose-APP, but it was still higher than that of pure cellulose film.

AB - The aim of the present study is to produce flexible, flame-retardant, water-resistant and biodegradable composite materials. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop simple processes for the production of bio-based materials capable of replacing non-degradable substrates in printed circuit board. Cellulose was chosen as a renewable resource, and dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid to prepare a cellulosic continuous film. Since flame retardancy is an important criterion for electronic device applications and cellulose is naturally flammable, we incorporated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame-retardant filler to increase the flame retardancy of the produced materials. The developed material achieved a UL-94 HB rating in the flammability test, while the cellulose sample without APP failed the test. Two hydrophobic agents, ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate and trichloro(octadecyl)silane were applied by a simple dip-coating technique to impart hydrophobicity to the cellulose-APP composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the mechanical properties of the cellulosic materials were not significantly affected by the addition of APP or the hydrophobic agents. Moreover, the biodegradability of the cellulosic materials containing APP increased owing to the presence of the cellulase enzyme. The hydrophobic coating slightly decreased the biodegradability of cellulose-APP, but it was still higher than that of pure cellulose film.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148833505&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-023-30078-0

DO - 10.1038/s41598-023-30078-0

M3 - Article

C2 - 36823347

AN - SCOPUS:85148833505

SN - 2045-2322

VL - 13

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

IS - 1

M1 - 3168

ER -

Facile preparation of flame-retardant cellulose composite with biodegradable and water resistant properties for electronic device applications

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

CLEVER

Cite this

Facile preparation of flame-retardant cellulose composite with biodegradable and water resistant properties for electronic device applications

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

CLEVER

Cite this