Enhancement of chemotherapy using oncolytic virotherapy: Mathematical and optimal control analysis

Joseph Malinzi, Rachid Ouifki, Amina Eladdadi, Delfim F.M. Torres, K. A.Jane White

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55 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

Oncolytic virotherapy has been emerging as a promising novel cancer treatment which may be further combined with the existing therapeutic modalities to enhance their effects. To investigate how virotherapy could enhance chemotherapy, we propose an ODE based mathematical model describing the interactions between tumour cells, the immune response, and a treatment combination with chemotherapy and oncolytic viruses. Stability analysis of the model with constant chemotherapy treatment rates shows that without any form of treatment, a tumour would grow to its maximum size. It also demonstrates that chemotherapy alone is capable of clearing tumour cells provided that the drug efficacy is greater than the intrinsic tumour growth rate. Furthermore, virotherapy alone may not be able to clear tumour cells from body tissue but would rather enhance chemotherapy if viruses with high viral potency are used. To assess the combined effect of virotherapy and chemotherapy we use the forward sensitivity index to perform a sensitivity analysis, with respect to chemotherapy key parameters, of the virus basic reproductive number and the tumour endemic equilibrium. The results from this sensitivity analysis indicate the existence of a critical dose of chemotherapy above which no further significant reduction in the tumour population can be observed. Numerical simulations show that a successful combinational therapy of the chemotherapeutic drugs and viruses depends mostly on the virus burst size, infection rate, and the amount of drugs supplied. Optimal control analysis was performed, by means of the Pontryagin’s maximum principle, to further refine predictions of the model with constant treatment rates by accounting for the treatment costs and sides effects. Results from this analysis suggest that the optimal drug and virus combination correspond to half their maximum tolerated doses. This is in agreement with the results from stability and sensitivity analyses.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1435-1463
Number of pages29
JournalMathematical Biosciences and Engineering
Volume15
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Dec 2018

Funding

Acknowledgments. Joseph Malinzi was jointly supported by the University of Pretoria and DST/NRF SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Bioengineering and Biosciences. Amina Eladdadi and K.A. Jane White would like to acknowledge and thank the UK-QSP Network (Grant-EP/N005481/1) for their financial support to attend the QSP-1st Problem Workshop and collaborate on this research. Torres was supported by FCT through CIDMA, project UID/MAT/04106/2013, and TOCCATA, project PTDC/EEI-AUT/2933/2014, funded by FEDER and COMPETE 2020.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Modelling and Simulation
  • General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
  • Computational Mathematics
  • Applied Mathematics

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