Effective lattice Hamiltonian for monolayer MoS²: Tailoring electronic structure with perpendicular electric and magnetic fields

We propose an effective lattice Hamiltonian for monolayer MoS² in order to describe the low-energy band structure and investigate the effect of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields on its electronic structure. We derive a tight-binding model based on the hybridization of the d orbitals of molybdenum and p orbitals of sulfur atoms and then introduce a modified two-band continuum model of monolayer MoS² by exploiting the quasidegenerate partitioning method. Our theory proves that the low-energy excitations of the system are no longer massive Dirac fermions. It reveals a difference between electron and hole masses and provides trigonal warping effects. Furthermore, we predict a valley-degeneracy-breaking effect in the Landau levels. In addition, we also show that applying a gate voltage perpendicular to the monolayer modifies the electronic structure, including the band gap and effective masses.