Dynamic Service Restoration for Integrated Energy Systems under Seismic Stress

Seismic events and aftershocks can cause devastating impacts on overground and underground energy system infrastructure. This article designs a novel approach to restore energy system functionality in response to seismic stresses by using coordinated dynamic system reconfiguration and operation. First, the impact of seismic stresses on system infrastructure is evaluated, considering critical system components, including electricity lines, substations, gas pipes, and operable units including combined heat pump (CHP), electrolyser, soft open point (SOP), energy storage units. Load curtailment is assumed to be caused by system branch overloading, reversed gas flows, and isolated branches. The objective of the proposed operation method is to maximize overall system restoration capability. Responding to seismic stresses and aftershocks, storage, SOPs and coupling components are dynamically operated to restore both gas and electricity supply thus reducing losses. A service index is quantified by considering both load curtailment and recovery time. A representative integrated electricity and gas system is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results illustrate that the adverse impact of seismic stresses can be effectively reduced with the proposed model. This work provides system operators a powerful tool to restore the functionality of energy systems under seismic events, helping maintain supply security.