Dual-Responsive Fluorescent Probes: Advances in Biosensing, Diagnosis and Therapy

Recent years have witnessed rapid developments in molecular imaging for fundamental biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Particularly, fluorescence imaging represents an indispensable technique, enabling longitudinal monitoring of intravital physiopathological activities in a real-time and non-invasive manner. Dual-responsive fluorescent probes, which circumvent non-specific signal activation and background noise, have exhibited remarkably enhanced selectivity, high spatiotemporal resolution, and multiplexing capability. With the increasing prevalence of precision medicine, dual-responsive fluorescent probes offer promising opportunities to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize therapeutic efficacy. In this review, the design strategies for customized dual-responsive fluorescent probes are comprehensively summarized. Subsequently, representative examples in biosensing, diagnosis, and therapy are highlighted. Finally, the review provides perspectives and discusses key challenges in advancing dual-responsive fluorescent probes toward clinical biomedical applications.