Dual-channel fluorescent probe for monitoring the dynamic changes of hypochlorite ion and ATP in drug-induced liver injury

Pan-Dong Mao; Shuang-Shuang Liu; Ze-Yi Lian; Wei Na Wu; Lin-Yan Bian; Yuan Wang; Zhi Hong Xu; Tony James

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2025.137908

Dual-channel fluorescent probe for monitoring the dynamic changes of hypochlorite ion and ATP in drug-induced liver injury

Pan-Dong Mao, Shuang-Shuang Liu, Ze-Yi Lian, Wei Na Wu, Lin-Yan Bian, Yuan Wang, Zhi Hong Xu, Tony James

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Hypochlorite ion (ClO−) plays a significant role in physiological processes, while adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) is often referred to as the ‘molecular currency’ for cellular energy. Changes in intracellular ClO− and ATP concentrations can be induced by inhibitors, stimulators, and acetaminophen (APAP) which is associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Therefore, the accurate monitoring of intracellular ClO− and ATP levels is essential for revealing the pathological mechanism of DILI, which has not been fully evaluated to date. With this research, we developed a bi-functional probe (1) with aminoethyl piperazine bridged Rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl blue (MB) moieties to detect ClO− and ATP simultaneously. On interaction with ATP and ClO−, probe 1, which was initially non-emissive, exhibited the characteristic fluorescence emission signals of RhB (λex = 460 nm, λem = 590 nm) and MB (λex = 630 nm, λem = 685 nm), respectively, through opening of the RhB spirolactam ring and release of MB. Significantly, probe 1 could be used to visually monitor changes in cellular ClO− and ATP levels in the presence of various inhibitors, stimulators, and acetaminophen (APAP) associated with DILI.

Original language	English
Article number	137908
Journal	Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
Early online date	1 May 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137908
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 1 May 2025

Data Availability Statement

All data supporting this research are available as part of the Manuscript and Supplementary Information.

Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21907023 and 21001040), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 252300420243 and 252300420793), the Joint Program for Fostering Talents of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Henan Province (No. U1304202), the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province (No. 242300420190 and 222300420523), the Education Department of Henan Province (No. 24A150010), the Double World-Class Project of Henan Polytechnic University (No. AQ20230745 and AQ20230754), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province (No. NSFRF240809 and No. NSFRF230402), Innovative Research Team of Henan Polytechnic University (T2023-6), and Key Program of Xuchang University (2022CXTD001). T.D.J. wishes to thank the University of Bath and the Open Research Fund of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University (2020ZD01) for support.

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title = "Dual-channel fluorescent probe for monitoring the dynamic changes of hypochlorite ion and ATP in drug-induced liver injury",

abstract = "Hypochlorite ion (ClO−) plays a significant role in physiological processes, while adenosine-5{\textquoteright}-triphosphate (ATP) is often referred to as the {\textquoteleft}molecular currency{\textquoteright} for cellular energy. Changes in intracellular ClO− and ATP concentrations can be induced by inhibitors, stimulators, and acetaminophen (APAP) which is associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Therefore, the accurate monitoring of intracellular ClO− and ATP levels is essential for revealing the pathological mechanism of DILI, which has not been fully evaluated to date. With this research, we developed a bi-functional probe (1) with aminoethyl piperazine bridged Rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl blue (MB) moieties to detect ClO− and ATP simultaneously. On interaction with ATP and ClO−, probe 1, which was initially non-emissive, exhibited the characteristic fluorescence emission signals of RhB (λex = 460 nm, λem = 590 nm) and MB (λex = 630 nm, λem = 685 nm), respectively, through opening of the RhB spirolactam ring and release of MB. Significantly, probe 1 could be used to visually monitor changes in cellular ClO− and ATP levels in the presence of various inhibitors, stimulators, and acetaminophen (APAP) associated with DILI.",

author = "Pan-Dong Mao and Shuang-Shuang Liu and Ze-Yi Lian and Wu, {Wei Na} and Lin-Yan Bian and Yuan Wang and Xu, {Zhi Hong} and Tony James",

year = "2025",

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doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2025.137908",

language = "English",

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T1 - Dual-channel fluorescent probe for monitoring the dynamic changes of hypochlorite ion and ATP in drug-induced liver injury

AU - Mao, Pan-Dong

AU - Liu, Shuang-Shuang

AU - Lian, Ze-Yi

AU - Wu, Wei Na

AU - Bian, Lin-Yan

AU - Wang, Yuan

AU - Xu, Zhi Hong

AU - James, Tony

PY - 2025/5/1

Y1 - 2025/5/1

N2 - Hypochlorite ion (ClO−) plays a significant role in physiological processes, while adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) is often referred to as the ‘molecular currency’ for cellular energy. Changes in intracellular ClO− and ATP concentrations can be induced by inhibitors, stimulators, and acetaminophen (APAP) which is associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Therefore, the accurate monitoring of intracellular ClO− and ATP levels is essential for revealing the pathological mechanism of DILI, which has not been fully evaluated to date. With this research, we developed a bi-functional probe (1) with aminoethyl piperazine bridged Rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl blue (MB) moieties to detect ClO− and ATP simultaneously. On interaction with ATP and ClO−, probe 1, which was initially non-emissive, exhibited the characteristic fluorescence emission signals of RhB (λex = 460 nm, λem = 590 nm) and MB (λex = 630 nm, λem = 685 nm), respectively, through opening of the RhB spirolactam ring and release of MB. Significantly, probe 1 could be used to visually monitor changes in cellular ClO− and ATP levels in the presence of various inhibitors, stimulators, and acetaminophen (APAP) associated with DILI.

AB - Hypochlorite ion (ClO−) plays a significant role in physiological processes, while adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) is often referred to as the ‘molecular currency’ for cellular energy. Changes in intracellular ClO− and ATP concentrations can be induced by inhibitors, stimulators, and acetaminophen (APAP) which is associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Therefore, the accurate monitoring of intracellular ClO− and ATP levels is essential for revealing the pathological mechanism of DILI, which has not been fully evaluated to date. With this research, we developed a bi-functional probe (1) with aminoethyl piperazine bridged Rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl blue (MB) moieties to detect ClO− and ATP simultaneously. On interaction with ATP and ClO−, probe 1, which was initially non-emissive, exhibited the characteristic fluorescence emission signals of RhB (λex = 460 nm, λem = 590 nm) and MB (λex = 630 nm, λem = 685 nm), respectively, through opening of the RhB spirolactam ring and release of MB. Significantly, probe 1 could be used to visually monitor changes in cellular ClO− and ATP levels in the presence of various inhibitors, stimulators, and acetaminophen (APAP) associated with DILI.

U2 - 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137908

DO - 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137908

M3 - Article

SN - 0925-4005

JO - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

JF - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

M1 - 137908

ER -

Dual-channel fluorescent probe for monitoring the dynamic changes of hypochlorite ion and ATP in drug-induced liver injury

Abstract

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