Driving electrochemical membrane processes with coupled ionic diodes

Zhongkai Li; Klaus Mathwig; Omotayo A. Arotiba; Luthando Tshwenya; Evaldo Batista Carneiro Neto; Ernesto Chaves Pereira; Frank Marken

doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101280

Driving electrochemical membrane processes with coupled ionic diodes

Zhongkai Li, Klaus Mathwig, Omotayo A. Arotiba, Luthando Tshwenya, Evaldo Batista Carneiro Neto, Ernesto Chaves Pereira, Frank Marken

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

Ionic diodes have emerged repeatedly in the literature for gel interfaces, for nanopores and channels, for nano-/micro-fluidic systems, and for asymmetrically ionomer-covered microholes. Concentration polarisation is likely to be the key to understanding the diode function and the diode time constant τ_diode, i.e. the time for approaching steady state following a potential/polarity switch. For frequencies higher than ω_diode = 2πf = (τ_diode)⁻¹, the polarization mechanism is too slow for ion current rectification. Below the frequency associated with the diode time constant, irreversibility in ion flow is induced and the diode switches between two resistive states at opposite potentials (“open” and “closed”). The irreversible flow of ions allows energy conversion from electrical to electrochemical. For energy conversion, two coupled ionic diodes are necessary driven by alternating current (AC) electricity to minimise driver electrode electrolysis and energy losses. Opportunities for AC-desalination and for electroosmotic water harvesting with coupled ionic diodes are discussed.

Original language	English
Article number	101280
Journal	Current Opinion in Electrochemistry
Volume	39
Early online date	24 Mar 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101280
Publication status	Published - 30 Jun 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
F.M. thanks for the initial financial support by the EPSRC (EP/K004956/1). K.M. acknowledges financial support by Provincie Gelderland. E.B.C.N. and E.C.P. acknowledge support from FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, Grant Numbers 2013/07296-2 , 2021/03592-2 , 2022/06229-9 ), Shell, and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP (Brazil's National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency) through the R\&D levy regulation, CNPq (Grant Number 407878/2022 ), and CAPES (Code 001 ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)

Keywords

Desalination
Impedance
Microfluidic
Voltammetry
Water harvesting

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry
Electrochemistry

Access to Document

10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101280Licence: CC BY

Review membranes and diodes 1f_revision_nhAccepted author manuscript, 1.18 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Driving electrochemical membrane processes with coupled ionic diodes",

abstract = "Ionic diodes have emerged repeatedly in the literature for gel interfaces, for nanopores and channels, for nano-/micro-fluidic systems, and for asymmetrically ionomer-covered microholes. Concentration polarisation is likely to be the key to understanding the diode function and the diode time constant τdiode, i.e. the time for approaching steady state following a potential/polarity switch. For frequencies higher than ωdiode = 2πf = (τdiode)−1, the polarization mechanism is too slow for ion current rectification. Below the frequency associated with the diode time constant, irreversibility in ion flow is induced and the diode switches between two resistive states at opposite potentials (“open” and “closed”). The irreversible flow of ions allows energy conversion from electrical to electrochemical. For energy conversion, two coupled ionic diodes are necessary driven by alternating current (AC) electricity to minimise driver electrode electrolysis and energy losses. Opportunities for AC-desalination and for electroosmotic water harvesting with coupled ionic diodes are discussed.",

keywords = "Desalination, Impedance, Microfluidic, Voltammetry, Water harvesting",

author = "Zhongkai Li and Klaus Mathwig and Arotiba, {Omotayo A.} and Luthando Tshwenya and {Batista Carneiro Neto}, Evaldo and {Chaves Pereira}, Ernesto and Frank Marken",

note = "Funding Information: F.M. thanks for the initial financial support by the EPSRC (EP/K004956/1). K.M. acknowledges financial support by Provincie Gelderland. E.B.C.N. and E.C.P. acknowledge support from FAPESP (S{\~a}o Paulo Research Foundation, Grant Numbers 2013/07296-2 , 2021/03592-2 , 2022/06229-9 ), Shell, and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP (Brazil's National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency) through the R\&D levy regulation, CNPq (Grant Number 407878/2022 ), and CAPES (Code 001 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",

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AU - Li, Zhongkai

AU - Mathwig, Klaus

AU - Arotiba, Omotayo A.

AU - Tshwenya, Luthando

AU - Batista Carneiro Neto, Evaldo

AU - Chaves Pereira, Ernesto

AU - Marken, Frank

N1 - Funding Information: F.M. thanks for the initial financial support by the EPSRC (EP/K004956/1). K.M. acknowledges financial support by Provincie Gelderland. E.B.C.N. and E.C.P. acknowledge support from FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, Grant Numbers 2013/07296-2 , 2021/03592-2 , 2022/06229-9 ), Shell, and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP (Brazil's National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency) through the R\&D levy regulation, CNPq (Grant Number 407878/2022 ), and CAPES (Code 001 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)

PY - 2023/6/30

Y1 - 2023/6/30

N2 - Ionic diodes have emerged repeatedly in the literature for gel interfaces, for nanopores and channels, for nano-/micro-fluidic systems, and for asymmetrically ionomer-covered microholes. Concentration polarisation is likely to be the key to understanding the diode function and the diode time constant τdiode, i.e. the time for approaching steady state following a potential/polarity switch. For frequencies higher than ωdiode = 2πf = (τdiode)−1, the polarization mechanism is too slow for ion current rectification. Below the frequency associated with the diode time constant, irreversibility in ion flow is induced and the diode switches between two resistive states at opposite potentials (“open” and “closed”). The irreversible flow of ions allows energy conversion from electrical to electrochemical. For energy conversion, two coupled ionic diodes are necessary driven by alternating current (AC) electricity to minimise driver electrode electrolysis and energy losses. Opportunities for AC-desalination and for electroosmotic water harvesting with coupled ionic diodes are discussed.

AB - Ionic diodes have emerged repeatedly in the literature for gel interfaces, for nanopores and channels, for nano-/micro-fluidic systems, and for asymmetrically ionomer-covered microholes. Concentration polarisation is likely to be the key to understanding the diode function and the diode time constant τdiode, i.e. the time for approaching steady state following a potential/polarity switch. For frequencies higher than ωdiode = 2πf = (τdiode)−1, the polarization mechanism is too slow for ion current rectification. Below the frequency associated with the diode time constant, irreversibility in ion flow is induced and the diode switches between two resistive states at opposite potentials (“open” and “closed”). The irreversible flow of ions allows energy conversion from electrical to electrochemical. For energy conversion, two coupled ionic diodes are necessary driven by alternating current (AC) electricity to minimise driver electrode electrolysis and energy losses. Opportunities for AC-desalination and for electroosmotic water harvesting with coupled ionic diodes are discussed.

KW - Desalination

KW - Impedance

KW - Microfluidic

KW - Voltammetry

KW - Water harvesting

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VL - 39

JO - Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

JF - Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

M1 - 101280

ER -

Driving electrochemical membrane processes with coupled ionic diodes

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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Applying Long-Lived Metastable States in Switchable Functionality via Kinetic Control of Molecular Assembly

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Driving electrochemical membrane processes with coupled ionic diodes

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

Applying Long-Lived Metastable States in Switchable Functionality via Kinetic Control of Molecular Assembly

Cite this