Digital Tools to Support Postpartum Recovery: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Returning to physical activity (PA) postpartum is challenging due to physical, psychological, and socio-cultural barriers. Successful return is associated with physical and mental health benefits. Advancements in digital technology access and a digital focus for providers offer potential areas to improve PA; however, current strategies and their efficacy have not been described in the literature.
Methods and Analysis: A systematic review of studies evaluating digital technologies in returning postpartum women to PA was completed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases: Web of Science, SCOPUS, Embase, APA Psycnet, and PubMed were searched from inception until 24 July 2022. Primary objectives were to return to PA postpartum when utilizing digital technologies, and secondary objectives included patient satisfaction and confidence towards returning to PA.
Results: The review returned 14 eligible studies (n = 2714), using digital technologies such as pedometers, text messaging, and smartphone applications. Outcome measures were patient questionnaires, although some used activity trackers. Statistically significant differences in PA were seen in 7 studies with an average intervention increase of approximately 108%. Secondary outcomes of perceived reduction in barriers, increased satisfaction, and self-reported confidence towards engaging in PA were investigated in 6 of the studies, with 4 of the studies reporting an increase in these outcomes.
Conclusion: Digital interventions may play a role in supporting return to PA after childbirth, particularly as part of a multi-modal strategy. However, further research randomizing participants into digital and standard arms is needed to quantify the specific contribution of digital tools.