Development of recombinant lantibiotics and their potent uses

Recently, lantibiotics have gained significance in the pharmacological sector because of their detrimental activity against clinically relevant bacteria. Lantibiotics are a class of ribosomally synthesized peptides comprising dehydrated amino acids and (methyl) lanthionine residues. Since the production titers are low with the conventional fermentation methods, this warrants the inception of protein/peptide engineering technology and the selection of potential vectors and hosts to enhance the peptide's efficacy. Numerous methodologies for heterologous expression of lanthipeptides in bacteria (Escherichia coli) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris) have been investigated. Posttranslational modifications such as intramolecular thioether crosslinks are critical for the lanthipeptide’s total activity. Exploration of genetic prerequisites to produce high levels can primarily assist in overcoming the challenges of the new class of lanthipeptides and yield successful therapy in the future. Other potent applications include immunomodulatory properties, gut microbiota modulators, and food preservatives in the food industry.