Development and validation of an international English big-five Mini-Markers

Examination of Saucier (1994) big-five Mini-Markers using a multinational sample (N = 491) found its psychometric properties suboptimal. Using further multinational samples, through a qualitative study (N = 23) appraising items and then a series of quantitative development and validation studies (total N = 3,068), a revised marker set was derived. This new International English Mini-Markers (a) produced better factor structures, higher scale internal consistency reliabilities, and greater orthogonality than the original set of items, (b) prove to have temporal stability, and (c) acceptable convergent validity.