Developing a conceptual business model framework for shared electric-micro-mobility services: a systematic literature review

Different from conventional Shared Micro-mobility Services (SMS), such as bike and scooter, Electric-SMS (ESMS) involves more stakeholders, higher capital investment, and potentially more constraints like safety and charging network. How to develop an innovative business model that can prompt the services and ensure the sustainable development of ESMS is challenging. Our research objective is twofold. First, to obtain an in-depth understanding of ESMS through a comprehensive review of literature and practices; Second, to extend the existing Business model Canvas (BMC) that better fits the new development of ESMS with a focus on e-scooter. The original BMC design tool are used to frame the selection and analysis of the literature and practices. The finding suggests that: (1) The business model of the ESMS is increasing, and optimized, more focused on consumers. (2) Lending privately owned vehicles to other customers are the development trend of urban public transportation. (3) Long-term rental service is better off than short-term rental services, which is also a cost-saving strategy. As a result, the extended BMC is developed and several initiatives are proposed to promote the managers from the ESMS sector to better understand different business models.