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Abstract
Synthetic compounds open up new avenues to interrogate and manipulate intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling pathways. They may ultimately lead to drug-like analogues to intervene in disease. Recent advances in chemical biology tools available to probe Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling are described, with a particular focus on those synthetic analogues from our group that have enhanced biological understanding or represent a step towards more drug-like molecules. Adenophostin (AdA) is the most potent known agonist at the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP<inf>3</inf>R) and synthetic analogues provide a binding model for receptor activation and channel opening. 2-O-Modified inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP<inf>3</inf>) derivatives that are partial agonists at the IP<inf>3</inf>R reveal key conformational changes of the receptor upon ligand binding. Biphenyl polyphosphates illustrate that simple non-inositol surrogates can be engineered to give prototype IP<inf>3</inf>R agonists or antagonists and act as templates for protein co-crystallization. Cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (cADPR) can be selectively modified using total synthesis, generating chemically and biologically stable tools to investigate Ca<sup>2+</sup> release via the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and to interfere with cADPR synthesis and degradation. The first neutral analogues with a synthetic pyrophosphate bioisostere surprisingly retain the ability to release Ca<sup>2+</sup>, suggesting a new route to membrane-permeant tools. Adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR) activates the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-, Na<sup>+</sup>- and K<sup>+</sup> -permeable transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channel. Synthetic ADPR analogues provide the first structure-activity relationship (SAR) for this emerging messenger and the first functional antagonists. An analogue based on the nicotinic acid motif of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) antagonizes NAADP-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> release in vitro and is effective in vivo against induced heart arrhythmia and autoimmune disease, illustrating the therapeutic potential of targeted small molecules.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 417-425 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Biochemical Society Transactions |
Volume | 43 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jun 2015 |
Keywords
- Adenophostin a
- Calcium signalling
- Chemical biology
- Cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (cADPR)
- Myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP<inf>3</inf>)
- Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)
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Chemical Biology of Cellular Signalling using Polyphosphate Messengers
Potter, B. (PI)
1/01/14 → 31/12/18
Project: UK charity