Conclusion: lessons, implications and recommendations

The conclusion reflects on the different approaches that researchers, activists, practitioners and artists from the Global North and South have developed to Co-Creation. It identifies key themes emerging from to previous chapters’ contributions to conceptualisation of Co-Creation in theory and practice. These include the approach’s core objectives, relations to power holders and the state, the management of power relations within Co-Creation, the different roles and positionalities participants can take, the different processes of knowledge production and their tangible and intangible outcomes, space and place that enable Co-Creative processes and are produced by them, the methodology’s impact on communities and the challenges to evaluate and measure it and contexts in which Co-Creation can be an effective method. The authors highlight new, emerging directions for further investigation, which could include exploration of different positionalities and their impact on Co-Creation processes, and qualitative evaluation of the impacts taking into account the methods developed by the epistemologies of the South. The chapter ends with a series of practical recommendations for activists, researchers, artists, and practitioners interested in pursuing Co-Creation initiatives.