Abstract
Purpose: To examine whether calcium type and co-ingestion with protein alter gut hormone availability. Methods: Healthy adults aged 26 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) completed three randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. In all studies, arterialized blood was sampled postprandially over 120 min to determine GLP-1, GIP and PYY responses, alongside appetite ratings, energy expenditure and blood pressure. In study 1 (n = 20), three treatments matched for total calcium content (1058 mg) were compared: calcium citrate (CALCITR); milk minerals rich in calcium (MILK MINERALS); and milk minerals rich in calcium plus co-ingestion of 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN). In study 2 (n = 6), 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (PROTEIN) was compared to MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN. In study 3 (n = 6), MILK MINERALS was compared to the vehicle of ingestion (water plus sucralose; CONTROL). Results: MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN increased GLP-1 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by ~ ninefold (43.7 ± 11.1 pmol L −1 120 min; p < 0.001) versus both CALCITR and MILK MINERALS, with no difference detected between CALCITR (6.6 ± 3.7 pmol L −1 120 min) and MILK MINERALS (5.3 ± 3.5 pmol L −1 120 min; p > 0.999). MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN produced a GLP-1 iAUC ~ 25% greater than PROTEIN (p = 0.024; mean difference: 9.1 ± 6.9 pmol L −1 120 min), whereas the difference between MILK MINERALS versus CONTROL was small and non-significant (p = 0.098; mean difference: 4.2 ± 5.1 pmol L −1 120 min). Conclusions: When ingested alone, milk minerals rich in calcium do not increase GLP-1 secretion compared to calcium citrate. Co-ingesting high-dose whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium increases postprandial GLP-1 concentrations to some of the highest physiological levels ever reported. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232034, NCT03370484, NCT03370497.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1-14 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | European Journal of Nutrition |
| Early online date | 17 Sep 2019 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 17 Sep 2019 |
Keywords
- incretins
- calcium
- protein
- metabolism
- peptide tyrosine tyrosine
- gastric inhibitory peptide
- postprandial
- Calcium
- Postprandial
- Metabolism
- Protein
- Incretins
- Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
- Peptide tyrosine tyrosine
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Nutrition and Dietetics
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
Cite this
Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium potently stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: An RCT in healthy adults. / Chen, Yung-Chih; Smith, Harry; Hengist, Aaron; Chrzanowski-Smith, Oliver; Mikkelsen, Ulla Ramer; Carroll, Harriet; Betts, James; Thompson, Dylan; Saunders, John; Gonzalez, Javier.
In: European Journal of Nutrition, 17.09.2019, p. 1-14.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium potently stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion:
T2 - An RCT in healthy adults
AU - Chen, Yung-Chih
AU - Smith, Harry
AU - Hengist, Aaron
AU - Chrzanowski-Smith, Oliver
AU - Mikkelsen, Ulla Ramer
AU - Carroll, Harriet
AU - Betts, James
AU - Thompson, Dylan
AU - Saunders, John
AU - Gonzalez, Javier
PY - 2019/9/17
Y1 - 2019/9/17
N2 - Purpose: To examine whether calcium type and co-ingestion with protein alter gut hormone availability. Methods: Healthy adults aged 26 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) completed three randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. In all studies, arterialized blood was sampled postprandially over 120 min to determine GLP-1, GIP and PYY responses, alongside appetite ratings, energy expenditure and blood pressure. In study 1 (n = 20), three treatments matched for total calcium content (1058 mg) were compared: calcium citrate (CALCITR); milk minerals rich in calcium (MILK MINERALS); and milk minerals rich in calcium plus co-ingestion of 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN). In study 2 (n = 6), 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (PROTEIN) was compared to MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN. In study 3 (n = 6), MILK MINERALS was compared to the vehicle of ingestion (water plus sucralose; CONTROL). Results: MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN increased GLP-1 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by ~ ninefold (43.7 ± 11.1 pmol L −1 120 min; p < 0.001) versus both CALCITR and MILK MINERALS, with no difference detected between CALCITR (6.6 ± 3.7 pmol L −1 120 min) and MILK MINERALS (5.3 ± 3.5 pmol L −1 120 min; p > 0.999). MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN produced a GLP-1 iAUC ~ 25% greater than PROTEIN (p = 0.024; mean difference: 9.1 ± 6.9 pmol L −1 120 min), whereas the difference between MILK MINERALS versus CONTROL was small and non-significant (p = 0.098; mean difference: 4.2 ± 5.1 pmol L −1 120 min). Conclusions: When ingested alone, milk minerals rich in calcium do not increase GLP-1 secretion compared to calcium citrate. Co-ingesting high-dose whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium increases postprandial GLP-1 concentrations to some of the highest physiological levels ever reported. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232034, NCT03370484, NCT03370497.
AB - Purpose: To examine whether calcium type and co-ingestion with protein alter gut hormone availability. Methods: Healthy adults aged 26 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) completed three randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. In all studies, arterialized blood was sampled postprandially over 120 min to determine GLP-1, GIP and PYY responses, alongside appetite ratings, energy expenditure and blood pressure. In study 1 (n = 20), three treatments matched for total calcium content (1058 mg) were compared: calcium citrate (CALCITR); milk minerals rich in calcium (MILK MINERALS); and milk minerals rich in calcium plus co-ingestion of 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN). In study 2 (n = 6), 50 g whey protein hydrolysate (PROTEIN) was compared to MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN. In study 3 (n = 6), MILK MINERALS was compared to the vehicle of ingestion (water plus sucralose; CONTROL). Results: MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN increased GLP-1 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) by ~ ninefold (43.7 ± 11.1 pmol L −1 120 min; p < 0.001) versus both CALCITR and MILK MINERALS, with no difference detected between CALCITR (6.6 ± 3.7 pmol L −1 120 min) and MILK MINERALS (5.3 ± 3.5 pmol L −1 120 min; p > 0.999). MILK MINERALS + PROTEIN produced a GLP-1 iAUC ~ 25% greater than PROTEIN (p = 0.024; mean difference: 9.1 ± 6.9 pmol L −1 120 min), whereas the difference between MILK MINERALS versus CONTROL was small and non-significant (p = 0.098; mean difference: 4.2 ± 5.1 pmol L −1 120 min). Conclusions: When ingested alone, milk minerals rich in calcium do not increase GLP-1 secretion compared to calcium citrate. Co-ingesting high-dose whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium increases postprandial GLP-1 concentrations to some of the highest physiological levels ever reported. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03232034, NCT03370484, NCT03370497.
KW - incretins
KW - calcium
KW - protein
KW - metabolism
KW - peptide tyrosine tyrosine
KW - gastric inhibitory peptide
KW - postprandial
KW - Calcium
KW - Postprandial
KW - Metabolism
KW - Protein
KW - Incretins
KW - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
KW - Peptide tyrosine tyrosine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85073815425&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00394-019-02092-4
DO - 10.1007/s00394-019-02092-4
M3 - Article
SP - 1
EP - 14
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
SN - 1436-6207
ER -