Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population

Oliver O’Sullivan; David A. Holdsworth; Peter Ladlow; Robert M. Barker-Davies; Rebecca Chamley; Andrew Houston; Samantha May; Dominic Dewson; Daniel Mills; Kayleigh Pierce; James Mitchell; Cheng Xie; Edward Sellon; Jon Naylor; Joseph Mulae; Mark Cranley; Nick P. Talbot; Oliver J. Rider; Edward D. Nicol; Alexander N. Bennett

doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0

Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population

Oliver O’Sullivan, David A. Holdsworth, Peter Ladlow, Robert M. Barker-Davies, Rebecca Chamley, Andrew Houston, Samantha May, Dominic Dewson, Daniel Mills, Kayleigh Pierce, James Mitchell, Cheng Xie, Edward Sellon, Jon Naylor, Joseph Mulae, Mark Cranley, Nick P. Talbot, Oliver J. Rider, Edward D. Nicol, Alexander N. Bennett

Department for Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services. Methods: Observational cohort study of 4 groups: hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community illness now recovered (community-recovered) and comparison. A total of 113 participants (aged 39 ± 9, 86% male) were recruited: hospitalised (n = 35), community-symptomatic (n = 34), community-recovered (n = 18) and comparison (n = 26), approximately five months following acute illness. Participant outcome measures included cardiopulmonary imaging, submaximal and maximal exercise testing, pulmonary function, cognitive assessment, blood tests and questionnaires on mental health and function. Results: Hospitalised and community-symptomatic groups were older (43 ± 9 and 37 ± 10, P = 0.003), with a higher body mass index (31 ± 4 and 29 ± 4, P < 0.001), and had worse mental health (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress), fatigue and quality of life scores. Hospitalised and community-symptomatic participants performed less well on sub-maximal and maximal exercise testing. Hospitalised individuals had impaired ventilatory efficiency (higher VE/V̇CO₂ slope, 29.6 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), achieved less work at anaerobic threshold (70 ± 15, P < 0.001) and peak (231 ± 35, P < 0.001), and had a reduced forced vital capacity (4.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.004). Clinically significant abnormal cardiopulmonary imaging findings were present in 6% of hospitalised participants. Community-recovered individuals had no significant differences in outcomes to the comparison group. Conclusion: Symptomatically recovered individuals who suffered mild-moderate acute COVID-19 do not differ from an age-, sex- and job-role-matched comparison population five months post-illness. Individuals who were hospitalised or continue to suffer symptoms may require a specific comprehensive assessment prior to return to full physical activity.

Original language	English
Article number	7
Journal	Sports Medicine - Open
Volume	9
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0
Publication status	Published - 2 Feb 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
To all the participants, administrative staff and support teams at DMRC Stanford Hall and OUH, we acknowledge, and thank, your hard work, dedication and valuable input.

Availability of data and materials
Data relate to the serving population of the Ministry of Defence and thus
are sensitive. Research teams requesting data are invited to contact the cor‑
responding author and appropriate permissions will be sought for release

Keywords

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Coronavirus disease 2019
Long Covid
Outcomes
Post-COVID-19 syndrome

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0Licence: CC BY

Cite this

O’Sullivan, O., Holdsworth, D. A., Ladlow, P., Barker-Davies, R. M., Chamley, R., Houston, A., May, S., Dewson, D., Mills, D., Pierce, K., Mitchell, J., Xie, C., Sellon, E., Naylor, J., Mulae, J., Cranley, M., Talbot, N. P., Rider, O. J., Nicol, E. D., & Bennett, A. N. (2023). Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population. Sports Medicine - Open, 9(1), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0

O’Sullivan, O, Holdsworth, DA, Ladlow, P, Barker-Davies, RM, Chamley, R, Houston, A, May, S, Dewson, D, Mills, D, Pierce, K, Mitchell, J, Xie, C, Sellon, E, Naylor, J, Mulae, J, Cranley, M, Talbot, NP, Rider, OJ, Nicol, ED & Bennett, AN 2023, 'Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population', Sports Medicine - Open, vol. 9, no. 1, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0

@article{39194d9ec3c844b8ad88d635f7a5fd66,

title = "Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population",

abstract = "Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services. Methods: Observational cohort study of 4 groups: hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community illness now recovered (community-recovered) and comparison. A total of 113 participants (aged 39 ± 9, 86% male) were recruited: hospitalised (n = 35), community-symptomatic (n = 34), community-recovered (n = 18) and comparison (n = 26), approximately five months following acute illness. Participant outcome measures included cardiopulmonary imaging, submaximal and maximal exercise testing, pulmonary function, cognitive assessment, blood tests and questionnaires on mental health and function. Results: Hospitalised and community-symptomatic groups were older (43 ± 9 and 37 ± 10, P = 0.003), with a higher body mass index (31 ± 4 and 29 ± 4, P < 0.001), and had worse mental health (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress), fatigue and quality of life scores. Hospitalised and community-symptomatic participants performed less well on sub-maximal and maximal exercise testing. Hospitalised individuals had impaired ventilatory efficiency (higher VE/{\.V}CO2 slope, 29.6 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), achieved less work at anaerobic threshold (70 ± 15, P < 0.001) and peak (231 ± 35, P < 0.001), and had a reduced forced vital capacity (4.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.004). Clinically significant abnormal cardiopulmonary imaging findings were present in 6% of hospitalised participants. Community-recovered individuals had no significant differences in outcomes to the comparison group. Conclusion: Symptomatically recovered individuals who suffered mild-moderate acute COVID-19 do not differ from an age-, sex- and job-role-matched comparison population five months post-illness. Individuals who were hospitalised or continue to suffer symptoms may require a specific comprehensive assessment prior to return to full physical activity.",

keywords = "Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Coronavirus disease 2019, Long Covid, Outcomes, Post-COVID-19 syndrome",

author = "Oliver O{\textquoteright}Sullivan and Holdsworth, {David A.} and Peter Ladlow and Barker-Davies, {Robert M.} and Rebecca Chamley and Andrew Houston and Samantha May and Dominic Dewson and Daniel Mills and Kayleigh Pierce and James Mitchell and Cheng Xie and Edward Sellon and Jon Naylor and Joseph Mulae and Mark Cranley and Talbot, {Nick P.} and Rider, {Oliver J.} and Nicol, {Edward D.} and Bennett, {Alexander N.}",

note = "Funding Information: To all the participants, administrative staff and support teams at DMRC Stanford Hall and OUH, we acknowledge, and thank, your hard work, dedication and valuable input. Availability of data and materials Data relate to the serving population of the Ministry of Defence and thus are sensitive. Research teams requesting data are invited to contact the cor‑ responding author and appropriate permissions will be sought for release ",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "2",

doi = "10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

journal = "Sports Medicine - Open",

issn = "2199-1170",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population

AU - O’Sullivan, Oliver

AU - Holdsworth, David A.

AU - Ladlow, Peter

AU - Barker-Davies, Robert M.

AU - Chamley, Rebecca

AU - Houston, Andrew

AU - May, Samantha

AU - Dewson, Dominic

AU - Mills, Daniel

AU - Pierce, Kayleigh

AU - Mitchell, James

AU - Xie, Cheng

AU - Sellon, Edward

AU - Naylor, Jon

AU - Mulae, Joseph

AU - Cranley, Mark

AU - Talbot, Nick P.

AU - Rider, Oliver J.

AU - Nicol, Edward D.

AU - Bennett, Alexander N.

N1 - Funding Information: To all the participants, administrative staff and support teams at DMRC Stanford Hall and OUH, we acknowledge, and thank, your hard work, dedication and valuable input. Availability of data and materials Data relate to the serving population of the Ministry of Defence and thus are sensitive. Research teams requesting data are invited to contact the cor‑ responding author and appropriate permissions will be sought for release

PY - 2023/2/2

Y1 - 2023/2/2

N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services. Methods: Observational cohort study of 4 groups: hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community illness now recovered (community-recovered) and comparison. A total of 113 participants (aged 39 ± 9, 86% male) were recruited: hospitalised (n = 35), community-symptomatic (n = 34), community-recovered (n = 18) and comparison (n = 26), approximately five months following acute illness. Participant outcome measures included cardiopulmonary imaging, submaximal and maximal exercise testing, pulmonary function, cognitive assessment, blood tests and questionnaires on mental health and function. Results: Hospitalised and community-symptomatic groups were older (43 ± 9 and 37 ± 10, P = 0.003), with a higher body mass index (31 ± 4 and 29 ± 4, P < 0.001), and had worse mental health (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress), fatigue and quality of life scores. Hospitalised and community-symptomatic participants performed less well on sub-maximal and maximal exercise testing. Hospitalised individuals had impaired ventilatory efficiency (higher VE/V̇CO2 slope, 29.6 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), achieved less work at anaerobic threshold (70 ± 15, P < 0.001) and peak (231 ± 35, P < 0.001), and had a reduced forced vital capacity (4.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.004). Clinically significant abnormal cardiopulmonary imaging findings were present in 6% of hospitalised participants. Community-recovered individuals had no significant differences in outcomes to the comparison group. Conclusion: Symptomatically recovered individuals who suffered mild-moderate acute COVID-19 do not differ from an age-, sex- and job-role-matched comparison population five months post-illness. Individuals who were hospitalised or continue to suffer symptoms may require a specific comprehensive assessment prior to return to full physical activity.

AB - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services. Methods: Observational cohort study of 4 groups: hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community illness now recovered (community-recovered) and comparison. A total of 113 participants (aged 39 ± 9, 86% male) were recruited: hospitalised (n = 35), community-symptomatic (n = 34), community-recovered (n = 18) and comparison (n = 26), approximately five months following acute illness. Participant outcome measures included cardiopulmonary imaging, submaximal and maximal exercise testing, pulmonary function, cognitive assessment, blood tests and questionnaires on mental health and function. Results: Hospitalised and community-symptomatic groups were older (43 ± 9 and 37 ± 10, P = 0.003), with a higher body mass index (31 ± 4 and 29 ± 4, P < 0.001), and had worse mental health (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress), fatigue and quality of life scores. Hospitalised and community-symptomatic participants performed less well on sub-maximal and maximal exercise testing. Hospitalised individuals had impaired ventilatory efficiency (higher VE/V̇CO2 slope, 29.6 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), achieved less work at anaerobic threshold (70 ± 15, P < 0.001) and peak (231 ± 35, P < 0.001), and had a reduced forced vital capacity (4.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.004). Clinically significant abnormal cardiopulmonary imaging findings were present in 6% of hospitalised participants. Community-recovered individuals had no significant differences in outcomes to the comparison group. Conclusion: Symptomatically recovered individuals who suffered mild-moderate acute COVID-19 do not differ from an age-, sex- and job-role-matched comparison population five months post-illness. Individuals who were hospitalised or continue to suffer symptoms may require a specific comprehensive assessment prior to return to full physical activity.

KW - Cardiopulmonary exercise testing

KW - Coronavirus disease 2019

KW - Long Covid

KW - Outcomes

KW - Post-COVID-19 syndrome

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147269680&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0

DO - 10.1186/s40798-023-00552-0

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85147269680

SN - 2199-1170

VL - 9

JO - Sports Medicine - Open

JF - Sports Medicine - Open

IS - 1

M1 - 7

ER -

Cardiopulmonary, Functional, Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes Post-COVID-19, Across the Range of Severity of Acute Illness, in a Physically Active, Working-Age Population

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this