Abstract
Photoelectrodes made from cost-effective materials are the most desired for practical photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications, aiming to help in the imminent environmental crisis that urges an energetic transition. A prominent class of semiconductors are the polymeric carbon nitrides (PCN), which appear to be an eco-friendly solution particularly for green hydrogen production through water splitting, value-added organic compounds obtention from biomass upgrading, or CO 2 reduction; even green ammonia can be obtained by PEC reduction of N 2. In this sense, monitoring dangerous environmental species or converting them into less toxic ones can also be performed through PEC using carbon nitride-based electrodes. In this review, we provide an overview of the basics of PCN applications in PEC, including commonly employed strategies to enhance their performance. Additionally, we discuss the current state-of-the-art for PCN in PEC water splitting as well as lesser-explored areas such as biomass upgrading, environmental remediation, photoelectroanalytical sensing, and light-driven CO 2 and N 2 reduction reactions. Finally, we present an overview of prospects for PCN material in PEC.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 3021-3038 |
| Number of pages | 18 |
| Journal | ACS Applied Energy Materials |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| Early online date | 26 Mar 2024 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 22 Apr 2024 |
Funding
This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grants number #2018/16401-8 and #2023/11554-9) FAPESP/SHELL (grant number #2017/11986-5), FAPESP/CEPID (grant number #2013/07296-2). The authors also thanks financial support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq) #406156/2022-0: #311769/2022-5, and the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) #01.22.0179.00, #01.23.0645.00.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior | |
| CEPID | 2013/07296-2 |
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico | 311769/2022-5, 406156/2022-0 |
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico | |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos | 01.23.0645.00, 01.22.0179.00 |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos | |
| Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | 2023/11554-9, 2018/16401-8 |
| Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | |
| Shell | 2017/11986-5 |
| Shell |
Keywords
- CO reduction
- N reduction
- PEC sensing
- biomass oxidation
- hydrogen evolution
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Materials Chemistry
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Electrochemistry
Access to Document
- RevisedPhotoelectrochemistry_nitrides_Review_ACS_Final
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Applied Energy Materials, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02623.