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Abstract
A thermopile, in which a number of thermocouple junctions are arranged on either side of a thin layer of insulation, is commonly used to determine the heat flux for steady-state measurements. Gauges using this method are available commercially and a new, generic calibration method is described here. For this purpose, an equation based on physical properties has been derived to determine the theoretical relationship between the measured voltage output of the gauge and the heat flux through it. An experimental rig has been built and used to calibrate gauges under steady-state conditions for heat fluxes between 0.5 and 8 kW/m 2. The gauge temperature was controlled between 30 and 110 °C, and voltage-flux correlation – based on the theoretical relationship – was determined using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). For tests with constant gauge temperature, there was a linear relationship between the voltage and heat flux; owing to the temperature dependency of the Seebeck constants of the thermoelectric materials, the voltage increased with increasing gauge temperature. In all cases, there was very good agreement between the measured and correlated values, and the overall uncertainty of the correlation was estimated to be less than 5% of the measured heat flux.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1806-1816 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A: Journal of Power and Energy |
Volume | 235 |
Issue number | 7 |
Early online date | 17 Jan 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Data access: due to confidentiality agreements with research collaborators, supporting data can only be made available to bona fide researchers subject to a nondisclosure agreement. Details of how to request access are available at the University of Bath data archive website (http://dx.doi.org/10.15125/BATH-00116 ). The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The research described here was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), reference EP/P003702/1.
Publisher Copyright:
© IMechE 2021.
Keywords
- Flux gauge calibration
- conduction calibration
- heat flux measurement
- maximum likelihood estimation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Mechanical Engineering
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Dive into the research topics of 'Calibration of thermopile heat flux gauges using a physically-based equation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
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Modelling of Buyancy-Induced Flow in Compressor Rotors - Surrey/RR
Lock, G. (PI), Sangan, C. (CoI), Scobie, J. (CoI) & Wilson, M. (CoI)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
11/01/17 → 31/12/20
Project: Research council