Bribery and Identity: Evidence from Sudan

Using a unique dataset we examine the determinants of social identification in Sudan. We find that social identification is high, with little evidence that such identities compete with one another. Poorer people tend to have greater social identification and tribal identification declines with the level of education, as does identity with religion and the Arab world. We also find that being asked for a bribe is associated with significantly lower levels of social identification, particularly those linked with the tribe, the state (i.e. a region) and the nation. Finally we analyse the probability of being asked for a bribe.