Beyond Unicorns : Harnessing Digital Technologies for Inclusion in Indonesia (English): Complete Report

Tiwari Sailesh; Rabia Ali; Ariadharma Erwin; I Gede Putra Erwin; Lamia Bennis; Jonathan Daniel Marskell; Ririn Salwa Purnasamari; Laura R Ralston; Jaffar Al Rikabi; Virgi Sari; Imam Setiawan; Bambang Suharnoko; Muhammad Suleiman; Ajisatria A; Maria Monica Wihardja; Putu Sanjiwacika Wibisana

Beyond Unicorns : Harnessing Digital Technologies for Inclusion in Indonesia (English): Complete Report

Tiwari Sailesh, Rabia Ali, Ariadharma Erwin, I Gede Putra Erwin, Lamia Bennis, Jonathan Daniel Marskell, Ririn Salwa Purnasamari, Laura R Ralston, Jaffar Al Rikabi, Virgi Sari, Imam Setiawan, Bambang Suharnoko, Muhammad Suleiman, Ajisatria A, Maria Monica Wihardja, Putu Sanjiwacika Wibisana

Department of Social & Policy Sciences

The World Bank

Research output: Book/Report › Commissioned report

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Abstract

Similar to many other countries around the world, the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has hit Indonesia hard. Latest estimates suggest that about 5.1 million people—equivalent to 2.4 percent of the working-age population—have lost their jobs, while an additional 24 million have had to work reduced hours due to the pandemic. As many as 50 percent of workers have experienced a reduction in earnings. The impact on living standards has been devastating, with more than 2.2 million Indonesians estimated to have been pushed into COVID-19-induced poverty in 2020. One unexpected silver lining from the crisis, however, has been the turbo-charged adoption of digital technologies. Businesses, both large and small, have flocked to digital technologies to try to ensure the continuity of their operations. School closures have forced students and teachers to adapt and explore digitally enabled remote learning options, including the adoption of a variety of EdTech solutions. HealthTech apps enabling remote consultations and the delivery of medicine have seen unprecedented growth in adoption rates. Confined at home due to mobility restrictions, Indonesians have switched to the internet for their entertainment and social needs, driving sharp growth in the usage of digital media (music and video streaming) and communications applications. With this pandemic-induced flight to digital expected to be permanent to a large extent, there is excitement about an even greater acceleration in what was already the fastest growing digital economy in Southeast Asia. But at the same time questions have also emerged about the possibility of the differential access to and adoption of digital technologies compounding existing inequalities. For a country that considers achieving balanced development one of its key priorities, this is an important new challenge.

Original language	English
Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.
Publisher	The World Bank
Number of pages	236
Volume	1
Publication status	Published - 18 Aug 2021

Acknowledgements

Beyond Unicorns was prepared by a World Bank team led by Sailesh Tiwari, Senior Economist in the Poverty and Equity Global Practice of the World Bank. The core team consisted of Rabia Ali, Erwin Ariadharma, I Gede Putra Arsana, Lamiaa Bennis, Natasha Beschorner, Prasetya Dwicahya, Jonathan Marskell, Ririn Salwa Purnamasari, Laura Ralston, Jaffar al-Rikabi, Virgi Agita Sari, Imam Setiawan, Bambang Suharnoko Sjahrir, Muhammad Ajisatria Suleiman, Maria Monica Wihardja and Putu Sanjiwacika Wibis ana. Other contributors included Arun Arya, Hamidah Alatas, Maarten Bosker, Massimiliano Cali, Aufa Doarest, Frederico Gil-Sander, Sean Hambali, Hanan Jacoby, Scott Minehane, Mochamad Pasha, Josefina Posadas, Abror Tegar Pradana, Ibrahim Rahman, Anissa Rahmawati, Jan van Rees, Mayla Safuro Putri, Husnul Rizal, Mark Roberts, Arya Swarnata, Michael Weber, Noah Yarrow, and Yongmei Zhou.The work was conducted under Satu Kahkonen (Country Director, Indonesia and Timor Leste) with overall guidance from Hassan Zaman (World Bank Regional Director, Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions) and Carolina Sanchez-Paramo (World Bank Global Director, Poverty and Equity Global Practice) and technical guidance from Aaditya Mattoo (Chief Economist, East Asia, and Pacific Region), Rinku Murgai (Practice Manager, Poverty and Equity Global Practice) and Deepak Mishra (Practice Manager, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investments Global Practice).

We express our sincere gratitude to Tokopedia, Bukalapak, GoJek and Halodoc for their collaboration and their generosity in sharing with us data that helped shed light on some key questions addressed in the report. The team also benefited from excellent guidance and advice from the following peer reviewers at various points in the report preparation process: Carlos Rodriguez Castelan (Lead Economist), Ana Paula Cusolito (Senior Economist), Natalija Gelvanovska-Garcia (Senior Digital Development Specialist), Tim Kelly (Lead Digital Development Specialist), Siddhartha Raja (Senior Digital Development Specialist), and Jane Treadwell (former Lead Digital Development Specialist). We thank them without implicating them in any errors or omissions that may remain. Helpful suggestions provided by Vivi Alatas, Wendy Cunningham, Camilla Holmemo, Andrew Mason, and Rolande Pryce, especially in the early stages of the work, are also gratefully acknowledged.

Funding for the report was provided through the Partnership for Knowledge-based Poverty Reduction and the Australia World Bank Indonesia Partnership (ABIP) by the Government of Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Peter Milne edited the report, Muhammad Kamal and Indra Inrawan designed the layout and Dyah Nugraheni and Elisabeth Ekasari provided impeccable administrative support through all stages of report preparation.

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Beyond Unicorns Harnessing DT for Inclusion in Indonesia (Complete Report)

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Sailesh, T., Ali, R., Erwin, A., Erwin, I. G. P., Bennis, L., Marskell, J. D., Purnasamari, R. S., Ralston, L. R., Al Rikabi, J., Sari, V., Setiawan, I., Suharnoko, B., Suleiman, M., A, A., Wihardja, M. M., & Wibisana, P. S. (2021). Beyond Unicorns : Harnessing Digital Technologies for Inclusion in Indonesia (English): Complete Report. The World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/321071627050744463/pdf/Beyond-Unicorns-Harnessing-Digital-Technologies-for-Inclusion-in-Indonesia.pdf?_gl=1*10o79lr*_gcl_au*MTEwNzY1NTgyMi4xNzIwNjI0MTUy

Sailesh, T, Ali, R, Erwin, A, Erwin, IGP, Bennis, L, Marskell, JD, Purnasamari, RS, Ralston, LR, Al Rikabi, J, Sari, V, Setiawan, I, Suharnoko, B, Suleiman, M, A, A, Wihardja, MM & Wibisana, PS 2021, Beyond Unicorns : Harnessing Digital Technologies for Inclusion in Indonesia (English): Complete Report. vol. 1, The World Bank, Washington, D.C. <https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/321071627050744463/pdf/Beyond-Unicorns-Harnessing-Digital-Technologies-for-Inclusion-in-Indonesia.pdf?_gl=1*10o79lr*_gcl_au*MTEwNzY1NTgyMi4xNzIwNjI0MTUy>

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abstract = "Similar to many other countries around the world, the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has hit Indonesia hard. Latest estimates suggest that about 5.1 million people—equivalent to 2.4 percent of the working-age population—have lost their jobs, while an additional 24 million have had to work reduced hours due to the pandemic. As many as 50 percent of workers have experienced a reduction in earnings. The impact on living standards has been devastating, with more than 2.2 million Indonesians estimated to have been pushed into COVID-19-induced poverty in 2020. One unexpected silver lining from the crisis, however, has been the turbo-charged adoption of digital technologies. Businesses, both large and small, have flocked to digital technologies to try to ensure the continuity of their operations. School closures have forced students and teachers to adapt and explore digitally enabled remote learning options, including the adoption of a variety of EdTech solutions. HealthTech apps enabling remote consultations and the delivery of medicine have seen unprecedented growth in adoption rates. Confined at home due to mobility restrictions, Indonesians have switched to the internet for their entertainment and social needs, driving sharp growth in the usage of digital media (music and video streaming) and communications applications. With this pandemic-induced flight to digital expected to be permanent to a large extent, there is excitement about an even greater acceleration in what was already the fastest growing digital economy in Southeast Asia. But at the same time questions have also emerged about the possibility of the differential access to and adoption of digital technologies compounding existing inequalities. For a country that considers achieving balanced development one of its key priorities, this is an important new challenge.",

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BT - Beyond Unicorns : Harnessing Digital Technologies for Inclusion in Indonesia (English)

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Beyond Unicorns : Harnessing Digital Technologies for Inclusion in Indonesia (English): Complete Report

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