Benzothiazolium Derivative-Capped Silica Nanocomposites for β-Amyloid Imaging in Vivo

Lijun Ma, Shu Yang, Yufan Ma, Yuzhi Chen, Zhenguo Wang, Tony D. James, Xuefei Wang, Zhuo Wang

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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, and β-amyloid (Aβ) is believed to be a causative factor in AD pathology. The abnormal deposition of Aβ is believed to be responsible for progression of AD. In order to facilitate the imaging of Aβ in vivo, suitable probe molecules with a near-infrared emission wavelength that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were utilized. The commercial fluorescent probe thioflavin-T (ThT) is used to image Aβ however, because of its short emission wavelength and poor BBB penetration, ThT can only be used in vitro. With this research, based on ThT, we design three fluorescent probes (SZIs) having a longer emission wavelength in order to image Aβ aggregates. SZIs with different numbers of double bonds respond to Aβ aggregates. The SZIs have a structure similar to ThT, and as such, the SZIs are also unable to penetrate the BBB. To deal with the problem, we develop nanocomposites (MSN-Lf@SZIs) to deliver SZIs into the brain of AD mouse and image Aβ successfully. These new nanocomposites are able to deliver the dyes into the brain and facilitate Aβ imaging in vivo.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)12617-12627
Number of pages11
JournalAnalytical Chemistry
Volume93
Issue number37
Early online date8 Sept 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 21 Sept 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
H and C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III (400 MHz, Germany) spectrometer in CDCl or DMSO- d solutions at room temperature (r.t.). Chemical shift (δ) is reported in parts per million downfield from tetramethylsilane; coupling constants ( J) are reported in hertz (Hz), and the multiplicity is defined by s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), or m (multiplet). UV–vis spectra were recorded on a UV–visible spectrophotometer (HITACHI, U-3900H, Japan). Fluorescence spectra were recorded on a fluorescence spectrophotometer (HITACHI, F-4600, Japan). Mass spectra results were obtained from the Beijing Mass Spectrometry Center, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (iCAN9, Tianjin Energy Spectrum Technology Co., Ltd., China). A transmission electron microscope (HITACHI HT7700, Japan), laser scanning confocal microscope (Lecia SP8, Germany), and Zetasizer Nano (Malvern, Mastersizer 2000, UK) were used to characterize MSN and its modifications. Absolute fluorescence quantum yields were recorded on a full-featured steady-state transient spectrum analyzer (Edinburgh instrument, FLS980, England). Dissociation constant ( K ) and cell viability values were recorded on a microplate reader (PerkinElmer Enspire, USA). The fluorescence signals of mouse brains were captured by an IVIS Lumina IV system (PerkinElmer Enspire, USA). The Gaussian calculation was supported by the high-performance computing platform of the Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT). 1 13 3 6 d

Funding Information:
We are thankful for the support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 82131430174, 81961138011, and 21775010), Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellowship (NAFR13\1015), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2101500), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (no. 7192106), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XK1901). Animal studies were approved by Ethical Committee China-Japan Friendship Hospital and performed under legal protocols. The approval number is zryhyy12-20-10-2.

Funding

H and C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III (400 MHz, Germany) spectrometer in CDCl or DMSO- d solutions at room temperature (r.t.). Chemical shift (δ) is reported in parts per million downfield from tetramethylsilane; coupling constants ( J) are reported in hertz (Hz), and the multiplicity is defined by s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), or m (multiplet). UV–vis spectra were recorded on a UV–visible spectrophotometer (HITACHI, U-3900H, Japan). Fluorescence spectra were recorded on a fluorescence spectrophotometer (HITACHI, F-4600, Japan). Mass spectra results were obtained from the Beijing Mass Spectrometry Center, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (iCAN9, Tianjin Energy Spectrum Technology Co., Ltd., China). A transmission electron microscope (HITACHI HT7700, Japan), laser scanning confocal microscope (Lecia SP8, Germany), and Zetasizer Nano (Malvern, Mastersizer 2000, UK) were used to characterize MSN and its modifications. Absolute fluorescence quantum yields were recorded on a full-featured steady-state transient spectrum analyzer (Edinburgh instrument, FLS980, England). Dissociation constant ( K ) and cell viability values were recorded on a microplate reader (PerkinElmer Enspire, USA). The fluorescence signals of mouse brains were captured by an IVIS Lumina IV system (PerkinElmer Enspire, USA). The Gaussian calculation was supported by the high-performance computing platform of the Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT). 1 13 3 6 d We are thankful for the support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 82131430174, 81961138011, and 21775010), Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellowship (NAFR13\1015), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2101500), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (no. 7192106), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XK1901). Animal studies were approved by Ethical Committee China-Japan Friendship Hospital and performed under legal protocols. The approval number is zryhyy12-20-10-2.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Analytical Chemistry

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