Abstract
Background and objectives: Physical activity can improve glucose variability (GV) and time in range (TIR) in people with impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes [1,2]. However, the effects of physical activity on these parameters in people within normo-glycaemic ranges are unclear. This study explores the associations between physical activity, GV, and TIR in normo-glycaemic individuals from the ZOE PREDICT 1 cohort.
Methods: Free-living continuous interstitial glucose (using continuous glucose monitoring) and activity energy expenditure (AEE; mean of 14 days using a wrist-based accelerometer [ENMO]) were collected in the ZOE PREDICT 1 study (n = 1002). TIR was calculated using (1) the American Diabetes Association criteria (TIR 3.9–7.8 mmol∙L−1) and (2) a novel ‘stringent’ range (TIR 3.9–5.6 mmol∙L−1) [3]. The relationship between AEE and glycaemic outcomes (GV and TIR) was assessed using partial correlations (adjusted for age, sex, and BMI).
Results: Data from 698 participants (186 M/512 F) were analysed (mean ± SD; age: 45 ± 12 y; body mass index (BMI): 25.4 ± 4.8 kg∙m−2; and estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR; Harris–Benedict equation): 1456 ± 225 kcal∙d−1). The mean fasting glucose concentration was 4.93 ± 0.42 mmol∙L−1 (range: 3.58–6.07 mmol∙L−1), and the mean daily glucose concentration was 5.02 ± 0.54 mmol∙L−1 (range: 3.43–7.19 mmol∙L−1). The median GV was 16.1% (IQR: 13.1–18.5%), and the median proportion of time spent in TIR 3.9–5.6 was 72.4% (IQR: 62.0–80.7%) compared to 95.3% (IQR: 87.7–99.0%) in TIR ADA. AEE was inversely associated with TIR 3.9–5.6 (r = −0.09 p = 0.02), but not with TIR ADA (r = 0.03 p = 0.43), and positively associated with daily mean glucose concentration (r = 0.13, p < 0.001).
Discussion: The data presented in this study suggest that, in normo-glycaemic individuals, higher activity energy expenditure is associated with a lower proportion of time spent within a novel ‘stringent’ range of interstitial glucose concentrations. However, the causality of this relationship is unclear, and future research should establish whether a higher physical activity level drives a higher glucose level, or vice versa.
Methods: Free-living continuous interstitial glucose (using continuous glucose monitoring) and activity energy expenditure (AEE; mean of 14 days using a wrist-based accelerometer [ENMO]) were collected in the ZOE PREDICT 1 study (n = 1002). TIR was calculated using (1) the American Diabetes Association criteria (TIR 3.9–7.8 mmol∙L−1) and (2) a novel ‘stringent’ range (TIR 3.9–5.6 mmol∙L−1) [3]. The relationship between AEE and glycaemic outcomes (GV and TIR) was assessed using partial correlations (adjusted for age, sex, and BMI).
Results: Data from 698 participants (186 M/512 F) were analysed (mean ± SD; age: 45 ± 12 y; body mass index (BMI): 25.4 ± 4.8 kg∙m−2; and estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR; Harris–Benedict equation): 1456 ± 225 kcal∙d−1). The mean fasting glucose concentration was 4.93 ± 0.42 mmol∙L−1 (range: 3.58–6.07 mmol∙L−1), and the mean daily glucose concentration was 5.02 ± 0.54 mmol∙L−1 (range: 3.43–7.19 mmol∙L−1). The median GV was 16.1% (IQR: 13.1–18.5%), and the median proportion of time spent in TIR 3.9–5.6 was 72.4% (IQR: 62.0–80.7%) compared to 95.3% (IQR: 87.7–99.0%) in TIR ADA. AEE was inversely associated with TIR 3.9–5.6 (r = −0.09 p = 0.02), but not with TIR ADA (r = 0.03 p = 0.43), and positively associated with daily mean glucose concentration (r = 0.13, p < 0.001).
Discussion: The data presented in this study suggest that, in normo-glycaemic individuals, higher activity energy expenditure is associated with a lower proportion of time spent within a novel ‘stringent’ range of interstitial glucose concentrations. However, the causality of this relationship is unclear, and future research should establish whether a higher physical activity level drives a higher glucose level, or vice versa.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Proceedings of the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023 |
| Volume | 91 |
| Edition | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 7 Dec 2023 |
| Event | The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023 - Belgrade, Serbia Duration: 14 Nov 2023 → 17 Nov 2023 |
Conference
| Conference | The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023 |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | Serbia |
| City | Belgrade |
| Period | 14/11/23 → 17/11/23 |
Data Availability Statement
The data used for analysis in this study are held by the Department of Twin Research at King’s College London and access can be requested from https://twinsuk.ac.uk/resources-for-researchers/access-our-data/ (accessed on 10 November 2023) to allow for anonymisation and compliance with GDPR standards.Funding
This work was supported by ZOE Ltd. and TwinsUK which is funded by the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, Versus Arthritis, European Union Horizon 2020, Chronic Disease Research Foundation (CDRF), ZOE Ltd. and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network (CRN) and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London.
