Arenes and Heteroarenes C−H Functionalization Under Enabling Conditions: Electrochemistry, Photoelectrochemistry & Flow Technology

C−H bond functionalization generates molecular complexity in single-step transformation. However, the activation of C−H bonds requires expensive metals or stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species. In many cases, they often require pre-functionalization of starting molecules. Such pre-activating measures cause waste generation and their separation from the final product is also troublesome. In such a scenario, reactions activating elements generating from renewable energy resources such as electricity and light would be more efficient, green, and cost-effective. Further, incorporation of growing flow technology in chemical transformation processes will accelerate the safer accesses of valuable products. Arenes & heteroarenes are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, natural products, medicinal compounds, and other biologically important molecules. Herein, we discussed enabling tools and technologies used for the recent C−H bonds functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes.