Application of field-effect transistors to label-free electrical DNA biosensor arrays

Biotechnology is in great need of low-cost intelligent biochips capable of massive parallel detection to be used in portable instrumentation. One way this may be achieved is by exploiting mature semiconductor technologies for the development of biosensor arrays. We review here two highly promising techniques for label-free electrical detection of DNA hybridization: potentiometric detection and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Field-effect transistor technologies can play an important role in the development of these techniques in biosensor microarrays.