Abstract
Cogging torque is an inherent characteristic of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Eccentricity caused by manufacturing errors and assembly deviations would aggravate cogging torque, further deteriorate control accuracy and torque ripple of electrical machine-based traction systems. In this article, an improved magnetic co-energy method based on the airgap field modulation theory (AFMT) is developed to investigate the effects of different eccentricity types on the cogging torque of a 22-pole/24-slot outer-rotor surface-mounted PMSM (OR-SPMSM) for electric vehicles (EVs) steer-by-wire systems. The proposed analytical model demonstrates that static eccentricity (SE) induces the specific orders of cogging torque associated with rotor pole multiples, whereas dynamic eccentricity (DE) introduces the orders related to stator slots multiples. For mixed eccentricity (ME), the orders of cogging torque not only contain the main harmonic orders of SE and DE but also modulate other additional characteristic harmonics.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 13546-13556 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| Early online date | 20 Aug 2025 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2025 |
Funding
Received 26 April 2025; revised 1 August 2025; accepted 16 August 2025. Date of publication 20 August 2025; date of current version 25 November 2025. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52207039 and Grant U24A20146, in part by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) under Grant 2023QNRC001, in part by the Research Fund for Advanced Ocean Institute of Southeast University Nantong under Grant KP202405, and in part by the Zhishan Young Scholar Support Program of Southeast University under Grant 2242025RCB0019. (Corresponding author: Wei Hua.) Guangchen Wang, Hengliang Zhang, Wei Hua, Zhongze Wu, and Zhiheng Zhang are with the School of Electrical Engineering, South-east University, Nanjing 210096, China (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]).
Keywords
- Airgap field modulation theory (AFMT)
- cogging torque
- eccentricity
- permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM)
- steer-by-wire system
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Automotive Engineering
- Transportation
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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