An 11 kV steady state residential aggregate load model. Part 2: microgeneration and demand-side management

This paper is part two of a two-part series on the development of improved aggregate load models for steady state power system analysis. Part one paper presented a general methodology for building component-based low voltage (LV) aggregate load models from statistical information on load structure and measurements of active/reactive power demands. The developed LV aggregate load models are then connected to typical LV and medium voltage (MV) network configurations, in order to obtain correct aggregate load models at higher voltage levels. This paper discusses how the presented LV and MV aggregate load models can be modified in order to include microgeneration technologies and demand-side management (DSM) functionalities in the analysis. Using the UK residential load sector as an example, it is shown that the assessment of microgeneration should be correlated both spatially and temporally with the aggregated load. The effects of DSM generally depend on the applied scenario, but may have a more pronounced effect on the aggregate demands.