A rare-event study of frequency regulation and contingency services from grid-scale batteries

Maldon Patrice Goodridge; John Moriarty; Andrea Pizzoferrato

doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0433

A rare-event study of frequency regulation and contingency services from grid-scale batteries

Maldon Patrice Goodridge, John Moriarty, Andrea Pizzoferrato

Department of Mathematical Sciences

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Abstract

We perform a rare-event study on a simulated power system in which grid-scale batteries provide both regulation and emergency frequency control ancillary services. Using a model of random power disturbances at each bus, we employ the skipping sampler, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for rare-event sampling, to build conditional distributions of the power disturbances leading to two kinds of instability: frequency excursions outside the normal operating band, and load shedding. Potential saturation in the benefits, and competition between the two services, are explored as the battery maximum power output increases.

Original language	English
Journal	Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Volume	379
Issue number	2202
Early online date	7 Jun 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0433
Publication status	Published - 26 Jul 2021

Funding

Data accessibility. This article has no additional data. Authors’ contributions. M.P.G. produced the code for the simulations, while both M.P.G. and A.P. conducted simulated experiments. M.P.G., J.M. and A.P. and analysed the results and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript. Competing interests. We declare we have no competing interests. Funding. A.P. and J.M. acknowledge support from EPSRC grant no. EP/P002625/1 and the Alan Turing Institute (Lloyd’s Register Foundation and Data-Centric Engineering Programme). M.G. acknowledges support from the Queen Mary, University of London Principal’s Studentship for Post-Graduate Research. The authors would like to thank the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences for support and hospitality during the programme The Mathematics of Energy Systems, when work on this paper was undertaken supported by EPSRC grant no. EP/R014604/1. Acknowledgements. We are grateful for several insightful discussions with Pierluigi Mancarella and Mehdi Ghazavi Dozein regarding case study design and details of the simulation model.

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Cite this

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A rare-event study of frequency regulation and contingency services from grid-scale batteries

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