A Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Single Sided AFPM Machines with Experimental Validation

Richard Burke; Artur Giedymin; Zhongze Wu; Hawwooi Chuan; Nick Bourne; Gary Hawley

doi:10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110

A Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Single Sided AFPM Machines with Experimental Validation

Richard Burke, Artur Giedymin, Zhongze Wu, Hawwooi Chuan, Nick Bourne, Gary Hawley

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are promising for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the compactness, high torque density and high efficiency. However, poor thermal characterization leads to an over-sizing of these machines which ultimately compromises overall system efficiency. In this paper, the transient thermal behaviour of all the components in the single sided AFPM machine are characterized in an accurate but computationally efficient lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM). For the first time, contact measurements on the rotor have been used in AFPM machines to demonstrate the ability of the model to predict all component temperatures to within 4 °C for steady state. The mean temperature error over a load step transient was less than 5°C with a maximum error less than 13.5 °C which was for the winding. The model has a running time of approximately 1000 times faster than real time on a desktop machine and is suitable for integration into system simulation tools and predictive control strategies to avoid over-sizing of the motor and improve the usage of the electric machine in dynamic duty cycles.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1065-1083
Number of pages	19
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification
Volume	6
Issue number	3
Early online date	28 May 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110
Publication status	Published - 30 Sep 2020

Keywords

Axial flux permanent magnet machine
DC current test
Rotors
Stator windings
Thermal conductivity
Thermal expansion
Thermal resistance
Windings
finite element analysis
lumped parameter thermal model
thermal capacity
thermal resistance

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Automotive Engineering
Transportation
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110

Thermal_analysis_of_AFPM_machine_TTE_ACCEPTED_VERSION.PDF
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1 Finished

Disruptive Integrated Electric Tansmissions for Industrial Vehicles (DIET)
Burke, R., Brace, C., Plummer, A. & Chappell, E.
Innovate UK
1/11/16 → 31/05/19
Project: Central government, health and local authorities

Richard Burke, FIMechE
- R.D.Burke@bath.ac.uk
Person: Research & Teaching
Gary Hawley
- J.G.Hawley@bath.ac.uk
- Faculty of Engineering and Design - Dean of Engineering and Design
- Powertrain and Vehicle Research Centre (PVRC)
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies (CSCT)
- Institute for Policy Research (IPR)
Person: Research & Teaching
Zhongze Wu
- Z.Wu@bath.ac.uk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering - Lecturer
Person: Research & Teaching

Cite this

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title = "A Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Single Sided AFPM Machines with Experimental Validation",

abstract = "Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are promising for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the compactness, high torque density and high efficiency. However, poor thermal characterization leads to an over-sizing of these machines which ultimately compromises overall system efficiency. In this paper, the transient thermal behaviour of all the components in the single sided AFPM machine are characterized in an accurate but computationally efficient lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM). For the first time, contact measurements on the rotor have been used in AFPM machines to demonstrate the ability of the model to predict all component temperatures to within 4 °C for steady state. The mean temperature error over a load step transient was less than 5°C with a maximum error less than 13.5 °C which was for the winding. The model has a running time of approximately 1000 times faster than real time on a desktop machine and is suitable for integration into system simulation tools and predictive control strategies to avoid over-sizing of the motor and improve the usage of the electric machine in dynamic duty cycles.",

keywords = "Axial flux permanent magnet machine, DC current test, Rotors, Stator windings, Thermal conductivity, Thermal expansion, Thermal resistance, Windings, finite element analysis, lumped parameter thermal model, thermal capacity, thermal resistance",

author = "Richard Burke and Artur Giedymin and Zhongze Wu and Hawwooi Chuan and Nick Bourne and Gary Hawley",

year = "2020",

month = sep,

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doi = "10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110",

language = "English",

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AU - Burke, Richard

AU - Giedymin, Artur

AU - Wu, Zhongze

AU - Chuan, Hawwooi

AU - Bourne, Nick

AU - Hawley, Gary

PY - 2020/9/30

Y1 - 2020/9/30

N2 - Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are promising for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the compactness, high torque density and high efficiency. However, poor thermal characterization leads to an over-sizing of these machines which ultimately compromises overall system efficiency. In this paper, the transient thermal behaviour of all the components in the single sided AFPM machine are characterized in an accurate but computationally efficient lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM). For the first time, contact measurements on the rotor have been used in AFPM machines to demonstrate the ability of the model to predict all component temperatures to within 4 °C for steady state. The mean temperature error over a load step transient was less than 5°C with a maximum error less than 13.5 °C which was for the winding. The model has a running time of approximately 1000 times faster than real time on a desktop machine and is suitable for integration into system simulation tools and predictive control strategies to avoid over-sizing of the motor and improve the usage of the electric machine in dynamic duty cycles.

AB - Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are promising for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the compactness, high torque density and high efficiency. However, poor thermal characterization leads to an over-sizing of these machines which ultimately compromises overall system efficiency. In this paper, the transient thermal behaviour of all the components in the single sided AFPM machine are characterized in an accurate but computationally efficient lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM). For the first time, contact measurements on the rotor have been used in AFPM machines to demonstrate the ability of the model to predict all component temperatures to within 4 °C for steady state. The mean temperature error over a load step transient was less than 5°C with a maximum error less than 13.5 °C which was for the winding. The model has a running time of approximately 1000 times faster than real time on a desktop machine and is suitable for integration into system simulation tools and predictive control strategies to avoid over-sizing of the motor and improve the usage of the electric machine in dynamic duty cycles.

KW - Axial flux permanent magnet machine

KW - DC current test

KW - Rotors

KW - Stator windings

KW - Thermal conductivity

KW - Thermal expansion

KW - Thermal resistance

KW - Windings

KW - finite element analysis

KW - lumped parameter thermal model

KW - thermal capacity

KW - thermal resistance

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DO - 10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110

M3 - Article

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EP - 1083

JO - IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification

JF - IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification

SN - 2332-7782

IS - 3

ER -

A Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Single Sided AFPM Machines with Experimental Validation

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Disruptive Integrated Electric Tansmissions for Industrial Vehicles (DIET)

Richard Burke, FIMechE

Gary Hawley

Zhongze Wu

Cite this