A Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Single Sided AFPM Machines with Experimental Validation

Richard Burke; Artur Giedymin; Zhongze Wu; Hawwooi Chuan; Nick Bourne; Gary Hawley

doi:10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110

A Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Single Sided AFPM Machines with Experimental Validation

Richard Burke, Artur Giedymin, Zhongze Wu, Hawwooi Chuan, Nick Bourne, Gary Hawley

University of Bath

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

32 Citations (SciVal)

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Abstract

Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are promising for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the compactness, high torque density and high efficiency. However, poor thermal characterization leads to an over-sizing of these machines which ultimately compromises overall system efficiency. In this paper, the transient thermal behaviour of all the components in the single sided AFPM machine are characterized in an accurate but computationally efficient lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM). For the first time, contact measurements on the rotor have been used in AFPM machines to demonstrate the ability of the model to predict all component temperatures to within 4 °C for steady state. The mean temperature error over a load step transient was less than 5°C with a maximum error less than 13.5 °C which was for the winding. The model has a running time of approximately 1000 times faster than real time on a desktop machine and is suitable for integration into system simulation tools and predictive control strategies to avoid over-sizing of the motor and improve the usage of the electric machine in dynamic duty cycles.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1065-1083
Number of pages	19
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification
Volume	6
Issue number	3
Early online date	28 May 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110
Publication status	Published - 30 Sept 2020

Keywords

Axial flux permanent magnet machine
DC current test
Rotors
Stator windings
Thermal conductivity
Thermal expansion
Thermal resistance
Windings
finite element analysis
lumped parameter thermal model
thermal capacity
thermal resistance

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Automotive Engineering
Transportation
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110

Thermal_analysis_of_AFPM_machine_TTE_ACCEPTED_VERSION.PDF
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Accepted author manuscript, 5.05 MB

Disruptive Integrated Electric Tansmissions for Industrial Vehicles (DIET)
Burke, R. (PI), Brace, C. (CoI), Plummer, A. (CoI) & Chappell, E. (Researcher)
Innovate UK
1/11/16 → 31/05/19
Project: Central government, health and local authorities

Richard Burke, FIMechE
- R.D.Burkebath.acuk
Person: Research & Teaching, Core staff, Affiliate staff
Gary Hawley
- Faculty of Engineering and Design - Emeritus Professor
Person: Honorary / Visiting Staff

Cite this

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title = "A Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Single Sided AFPM Machines with Experimental Validation",

abstract = "Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are promising for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the compactness, high torque density and high efficiency. However, poor thermal characterization leads to an over-sizing of these machines which ultimately compromises overall system efficiency. In this paper, the transient thermal behaviour of all the components in the single sided AFPM machine are characterized in an accurate but computationally efficient lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM). For the first time, contact measurements on the rotor have been used in AFPM machines to demonstrate the ability of the model to predict all component temperatures to within 4 °C for steady state. The mean temperature error over a load step transient was less than 5°C with a maximum error less than 13.5 °C which was for the winding. The model has a running time of approximately 1000 times faster than real time on a desktop machine and is suitable for integration into system simulation tools and predictive control strategies to avoid over-sizing of the motor and improve the usage of the electric machine in dynamic duty cycles.",

keywords = "Axial flux permanent magnet machine, DC current test, Rotors, Stator windings, Thermal conductivity, Thermal expansion, Thermal resistance, Windings, finite element analysis, lumped parameter thermal model, thermal capacity, thermal resistance",

author = "Richard Burke and Artur Giedymin and Zhongze Wu and Hawwooi Chuan and Nick Bourne and Gary Hawley",

year = "2020",

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doi = "10.1109/TTE.2020.2998110",

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AU - Giedymin, Artur

AU - Wu, Zhongze

AU - Chuan, Hawwooi

AU - Bourne, Nick

AU - Hawley, Gary

PY - 2020/9/30

Y1 - 2020/9/30

N2 - Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are promising for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the compactness, high torque density and high efficiency. However, poor thermal characterization leads to an over-sizing of these machines which ultimately compromises overall system efficiency. In this paper, the transient thermal behaviour of all the components in the single sided AFPM machine are characterized in an accurate but computationally efficient lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM). For the first time, contact measurements on the rotor have been used in AFPM machines to demonstrate the ability of the model to predict all component temperatures to within 4 °C for steady state. The mean temperature error over a load step transient was less than 5°C with a maximum error less than 13.5 °C which was for the winding. The model has a running time of approximately 1000 times faster than real time on a desktop machine and is suitable for integration into system simulation tools and predictive control strategies to avoid over-sizing of the motor and improve the usage of the electric machine in dynamic duty cycles.

AB - Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are promising for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to the compactness, high torque density and high efficiency. However, poor thermal characterization leads to an over-sizing of these machines which ultimately compromises overall system efficiency. In this paper, the transient thermal behaviour of all the components in the single sided AFPM machine are characterized in an accurate but computationally efficient lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM). For the first time, contact measurements on the rotor have been used in AFPM machines to demonstrate the ability of the model to predict all component temperatures to within 4 °C for steady state. The mean temperature error over a load step transient was less than 5°C with a maximum error less than 13.5 °C which was for the winding. The model has a running time of approximately 1000 times faster than real time on a desktop machine and is suitable for integration into system simulation tools and predictive control strategies to avoid over-sizing of the motor and improve the usage of the electric machine in dynamic duty cycles.

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KW - Thermal expansion

KW - Thermal resistance

KW - Windings

KW - finite element analysis

KW - lumped parameter thermal model

KW - thermal capacity

KW - thermal resistance

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ER -

A Lumped Parameter Thermal Model for Single Sided AFPM Machines with Experimental Validation

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Projects

Disruptive Integrated Electric Tansmissions for Industrial Vehicles (DIET)

Profiles

Richard Burke, FIMechE

Gary Hawley

Cite this