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• 40 Gb/s data transmission over a 1-m-long multimode polymer spiral waveguide for board-level optical interconnects

  Bamiedakis, N., Chen, J., Westbergh, P., Gustavsson, J. S., Larsson, A., Penty, R. V. & White, I. H., 15 Feb 2015, In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. 33, 4, p. 882-888 7 p., 6960858.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • optical interconnects
  • data transmission
  • waveguides
  • polymers
  • bandwidth
  37 Citations (Scopus)

• 40 Gb/s data transmission over a 1 m long multimode polymer spiral waveguide

  Bamiedakis, N., Chen, J., Penty, R. V., White, I. H., Westbergh, P. & Larsson, A., 24 Nov 2014, European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC. IEEE, 6963978. (European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Waveguides
  • Data communication systems
  • Polymers
  • Optical interconnects
  4 Citations (Scopus)

• 40 Gb/s carrierless amplitude and phase modulation for low-cost optical datacommunication links

  Ingham, J. D., Penty, R. V., White, I. H. & Cunningham, D. G., 1 Dec 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2011.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Amplitude modulation
  • Optical links
  • Phase modulation
  • phase modulation
  • Bandwidth

• 400 Gigabit Ethernet using advanced modulation formats: Performance, complexity, and power dissipation

  Wei, J., Cheng, Q., Penty, R. V., White, I. H. & Cunningham, D. G., 28 Feb 2015, In: IEEE Communications Magazine. 53, 2, p. 182-189 8 p., 7045407.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  • Optical links
  • Ethernet
  • Energy dissipation
  • Modulation
  97 Citations (Scopus)

• 3 Gbit/s LED-based step index plastic optical fiber link using multilevel pulse amplitude modulation

  Geng, L., Wei, J. L., Penty, R. V., White, I. H. & Cunningham, D. G., 19 Nov 2013, 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2013. 6532929. (2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2013).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Plastic optical fibers
  • Pulse amplitude modulation
  • Light emitting diodes
  10 Citations (Scopus)

• 3eHouses: A Smart Metering Pilot in UK Living Labs

  Le Blond, S., Holt, A. & White, P., 2012.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  File
  117 Downloads (Pure)

• 3D visualization of historic earthen structures for the documentation of deterioration processes and conservation work: the case of the ancient Buddhist monastery of Ajina Tepa, Tajikistan.

  Fodde, E., Fujii, Y. & Watanabe, K., 2011, p. 62-71. 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  • 3D Visualization
  • Tajikistan
  • Deterioration
  • Conservation
  • Documentation

• 3D Stellar Cartography: Mapping the Local Group in the Mid-Infrared using Variable Stars

  Scowcroft, V., Oct 2018, Stellar Populations and the Distance Scale. Jensen, J., Rich, R. M. & de Grijs, R. (eds.). San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 514. p. 135-140 6 p. (Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series; vol. 514).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • infrared stars
  • variable stars
  • James Webb Space Telescope
  • galaxies

• 3D semiconducting nanostructures via inverse lipid cubic phases

  Burton, M. R., Lei, C., Staniec, P. A., Terrill, N. J., Squires, A. M., White, N. M. & Nandhakumar, I. S., 1 Dec 2017, In: Scientific Reports. 7, 1, 6405.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • lipids
  • bismuth sulfides
  • routes
  • topology
  • nanowires
  3 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D selection with freehand gesture

  Ren, G. & O'Neill, E., May 2013, In: Computers & Graphics. 37, 3, p. 101-120 20 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • User interfaces
  • Fluidity
  • Computer graphics
  • Refining
  58 Citations (Scopus)

• 3-D reconstruction of sub-wavelength scatterers from the measurement of scattered fields in elastic waveguides

  Moreau, L., Hunter, A. J., Velichko, A. & Wilcox, P. D., Nov 2014, In: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control. 61, 11, p. 1864-1879

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  File

  • Waveguides
  • Wavelength
  • Defects
  • waveguides
  • defects
  15 Citations (Scopus)

  165 Downloads (Pure)

• 3D printing of masonry structures for centrifuge modelling

  Ritter, S., DeJong, M. J., Giardina, G. & Mair, R. J., 11 Jul 2018, Physical Modelling in Geotechnics: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (ICPMG 2018), July 17-20, 2018. McNamara, A., Divall, S., Goodey, R., Taylor, N., Stallebrass, S. & Panchal, J. (eds.). London, United Kingdom: Taylor and Francis, Vol. 1. 6 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Centrifuges
  • Printing
  • Materials properties
  • Powders
  • Stiffness
  3 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D printed polyurethane honeycombs for repeated tailored energy absorption

  Bates, S. R. G., Farrow, I. R. & Trask, R. S., 15 Dec 2016, In: Materials & Design. 112, p. 172-183 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Polyurethanes
  • Energy absorption
  • Thermoplastics
  • Printing
  • Strain rate
  80 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D printed elastic honeycombs with graded density for tailorable energy absorption

  Bates, S. R. G., Farrow, I. R. & Trask, R. S., 15 Apr 2016, Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems, 2016. SPIE, 979907. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; vol. 9799).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • energy absorption
  • compression tests
  • printing
  • filaments
  • potential energy
  12 Citations (Scopus)

• 3d Printed Composites – Benchmarking The State-Of-The-Art

  Blok, L., Woods, B. K. S., Yu, H., Longana, M. & Potter, K., 1 Aug 2017

  Research output: Other contribution

  8 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D printed components with ultrasonically arranged microscale structure

  Llewellyn-Jones, T. M., Drinkwater, B. W. & Trask, R. S., 18 Jan 2016, In: Smart Materials and Structures. 25, 2, 02LT01.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • microbalances
  • Ultrasonics
  • ultrasonics
  • fiberglass
  • glass fibers
  76 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D positioning of ACL attachment sites during flexion

  Pegg, E., Alinejad, M., O'Connor, JJ. & Murray, D., Aug 2013.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Poster › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • ligaments
  • knees
  • testing
  • torque
  43 Downloads (Pure)

• 3D path of the body centre of mass and propulsive muscles length change when pedalling: recumbent vs. upright bicycle

  Telli, R., Seminati, E. & Minetti, A. E., 2013.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Abstract

• 3D numerical analysis of tunnelling induced damage: the influence of the alignment of a masonry building with the tunnel axis

  Kappen, J., Giardina, G., Hendriks, M. A. N. & Rots, J. G., 2013, 3nd International Conference on Computational Methods in Tunnelling and Subsurface Engineering. Meschke, G., Eberhardsteiner, J., Schanz, T., Soga, K. & Thewes, M. (eds.). Freiburg, Germany: Aedificatio Publishers, p. 467-474 8 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • masonry
  • alignment
  • tunnel
  • damage
  • analysis

• 3D models from the black box: investigating the current state of image-based modeling

  Nguyen, H. M., Wünsche, B., Delmas, P. & Lutteroth, C., 2012, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualisation and Computer Vision (WSCG), 2012. p. 249-258 10 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  22 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D modeling of high temperature superconducting staggered array undulator

  Zhong, Z., Zhang, M., Wang, W., Chudy, M., Chen, Y., Hsu, C-H., Huang, Z. & Coombs, T. A., 1 Jun 2013, In: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 23, 3, p. 4101004-4101004

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D modeling of high-T_c superconductors by finite element software

  Zhang, M. & Coombs, T. A., 1 Jan 2012, In: Superconductor Science and Technology. 25, 1, 015009.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  108 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D marking menu selection with freehand gestures

  Ren, G. & O'Neill, E., 4 Mar 2012, p. 61 - 68. 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  • Experiments
  20 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D Li Diffusion in c-Li_xTiS₂ (x = 0.69 and 0.75): A Theoretical Study

  Islam, M. M. & Bredow, T., 28 Sep 2015, In: Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie. 229, 9, p. 1265-1274 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • titanium disulfide
  • Direction compound
  • spinell
  • Density functional theory
  • Intercalation
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• 3D interconnected porous HA scaffolds with SiO₂ additions: Effect of SiO₂ content and macropore size on the viability of human osteoblast cells

  Nikom, J., Charoonpatrapong-Panyayong, K., Stevens, R., Kosachan, N. & Jaroenworaluck, A., Aug 2013, In: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. 101A, 8, p. 2295-2305 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Osteoblasts
  • Scaffolds
  • Pore size
  • Cells
  • Bioceramics
  3 Citations (Scopus)

• 3-Dimensional computational ghost imaging

  Sun, B., Edgar, M. P., Bowman, R., Vittert, L. E., Welsh, S., Bowman, A. & Padgett, M. J., 31 Dec 2013, Frontiers in Optics 2013. OSA Publishing, FW5D.2. (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• 3D-HST WFC3-selected Photometric Catalogs in the Five CANDELS/3D-HST Fields: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Stellar Masses

  Skelton, R. E., Whitaker, K. E., Momcheva, I. G., Brammer, G. B., van Dokkum, P. G., Labbé, I., Franx, M., van der Wel, A., Bezanson, R., Da Cunha, E., Fumagalli, M., Förster Schreiber, N., Kriek, M., Leja, J., Lundgren, B. F., Magee, D., Marchesini, D., Maseda, M. V., Nelson, E. J., Oesch, P. & 7 others, Pacifici, C., Patel, S. G., Price, S., Rix, H-W., Tal, T., Wake, D. A. & Wuyts, S., 1 Oct 2014, In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 214, 2, p. 24 1 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Hubble Space Telescope
  • stellar mass
  • catalogs
  • photometry
  • spectral energy distribution
  314 Citations (Scopus)

  128 Downloads (Pure)

• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since z = 3

  van der Wel, A., Franx, M., van Dokkum, P. G., Skelton, R. E., Momcheva, I. G., Whitaker, K. E., Brammer, G. B., Bell, E. F., Rix, H-W., Wuyts, S., Ferguson, H. C., Holden, B. P., Barro, G., Koekemoer, A. M., Chang, Y-Y., McGrath, E. J., Häussler, B., Dekel, A., Behroozi, P., Fumagalli, M. & 10 others, Leja, J., Lundgren, B. F., Maseda, M. V., Nelson, E. J., Wake, D. A., Patel, S. G., Labbé, I., Faber, S. M., Grogin, N. A. & Kocevski, D. D., 10 Jun 2014, In: Astrophysical Journal. 788, 1, p. 28 19 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • mass distribution
  • galaxies
  • population type
  • distribution
  • stellar mass
  585 Citations (Scopus)

  25 Downloads (Pure)

• 3D Gesture recognition: an evaluation of user and system performance

  Wright, M., Lin, C-J., O'Neill, E., Cosker, D. & Johnson, P., 2011, Pervasive Computing - 9th International Conference, Pervasive 2011, San Francisco, USA, June 12-15, 2011. Proceedings. Lyons, K., Hightower, J. & Huang, E. M. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 294-313 20 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 6696).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  Open Access

  File

  • Gesture recognition
  • Ubiquitous computing
  • Computer vision
  • Tuning
  13 Citations (Scopus)

  192 Downloads (Pure)

• 3D expression patterns of cell cycle genes in the developing chick wing and comparison with expression patterns of genes implicated in digit specification

  Welten, M., Pavlovska, G., Chen, Y., Teruoka, Y., Fisher, M., Bangs, F., Towers, M. & Tickle, C., May 2011, In: Developmental Dynamics. 240, 5, p. 1278-1288 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • cdc Genes
  • Gene Expression
  • Hedgehog Proteins
  • Genes
  • Optical Tomography
  14 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D cross-correlative matrix temperature detection and non-invasive thermal mapping based on a molecular probe

  Guo, Y., Gu, S., Feng, X., Wang, J., Li, H., Han, T., Dong, Y., Jiang, X., James, T. D. & Wang, B., Nov 2014, In: Chemical Science. 5, 11, p. 4388-4393 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Molecular Probes
  • Hot Temperature
  • Temperature
  • Fluorescence
  • Solvation
  18 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D Computational Imaging with Single-Pixel Detectors

  Sun, B., Edgar, M. P., Bowman, R., Vittert, L. E., Welsh, S., Bowman, A. & Padgett, M. J., 17 May 2013, In: Science. 340, 6134, p. 844-847 4 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Detectors
  • Imaging techniques
  • Pixels
  • Lighting
  • Cameras
  476 Citations (Scopus)

• 3D computational ghost imaging

  Sun, B., Edgar, M. P., Bowman, R., Vittert, L. E., Welsh, S., Bowman, A. & Padgett, M. J., 31 Dec 2013, Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics, CQO 2013. OSA Publishing, W1.1. (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

• 3D buried utility location using a marching-cross-section algorithm for multi-sensor data fusion

  Dou, Q., Wei, L., Magee, D. R., Atkins, P. R., Chapman, D. N., Curioni, G., Goddard, K. F., Hayati, F., Jenks, H., Metje, N., Muggleton, J., Pennock, S., Rustighi, E., Swingler, S. G., Rogers, C. D. F. & Cohn, A. G., 30 Nov 2016, In: Sensors. 16, 11, p. 1-24 24 p., 1827.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • multisensor fusion
  • Sensor data fusion
  • sensors
  • cross sections
  • Sensors
  12 Citations (Scopus)

  169 Downloads (Pure)

• 3D body centre of mass trajectory in locomotion: comparison between different measurements methods

  Pavei, G., Seminati, E., Cazzola, D. & Minetti, A. E., 12 Jul 2015, p. 529. 1 p.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Abstract › peer-review

  • center of gravity
  • trajectories
  • locomotion
  • kinematics
  • gait

• 32 Gb/s multilevel modulation of an 850 nm VCSEL for next-generation datacommunication standards

  Ingham, J. D., Penty, R. V., White, I. H., Westbergh, P., Gustavsson, J. S., Haglund, A. & Larsson, A., 1 Dec 2011, CLEO: Science and Innovations, CLEO_SI 2011.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Surface emitting lasers
  • Modulation
  • modulation
  • surface emitting lasers
  • transmitters
  11 Citations (Scopus)

• 30 Years of primary English language teaching in West Africa

  Kuchah, K., 1 Apr 2016, C&Ts, Young Learners and Teenagers' Special Interest Group Publication, p. 43-46 4 p.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

• 2ʹ-Deoxyadenosine 5ʹ-diphosphoribose is an endogenous TRPM2 superagonist

  Fliegert, R., Bauche, A., Wolf Pérez, A-M., Watt, J. M., Rozewitz, M. D., Winzer, R., Janus, M., Gu, F., Rosche, A., Harneit, A., Flato, M., Moreau, C., Kirchberger, T., Wolters, V., Potter, B. V. L. & Guse, A. H., 1 Sep 2017, In: Nature Chemical Biology. 13, p. 1036-1044 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • 2'-deoxyadenosine
  • 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
  • Nicotinamide-Nucleotide Adenylyltransferase
  • Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
  • Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose
  34 Citations (Scopus)

  202 Downloads (Pure)

• 2-oxoglutarate regulates binding of hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible factor to prolyl hydroxylase domain 2

  Domene, C., Abboud, M. I., McAllister, T. E., Leung, I. K. H., Chowdhury, R., Jorgensen, C., Mecinović, J., Lippl, K., Hancock, R. L., Hopkinson, R. J., Kawamura, A., Claridge, T. D. W. & Schofield, C. J., 28 Mar 2018, In: Chemical Communications. 54, 25, p. 3130-3133 4 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Hydroxylation
  • Prolyl Hydroxylases
  • Ketoglutaric Acids
  • Enzymes
  • Animals
  17 Citations (Scopus)

• 2-micron pulse compression using gas-filled negative curvature hollow-core fiber

  Lee, E., Chung, Y. S., Yu, X., Wang, Q., Yu, F. & Knight, J. C., 23 Nov 2017, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim, CLEOPR 2017. OSA Publishing, s2034. (Optics InfoBase Conference Papers; vol. Part F122-CLEOPR 2017).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Pulse compression
  • Argon
  • Gases
  • Fibers
  • Pressure gradient

• "2 Landscapes" - interaction of 2 gridshells based on a modified Stewart-Gough principle

  Filz, G. & Naicu, D., 10 Apr 2015.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  52 Downloads (Pure)

• 2 Gb/s μlED-APD based visible light communications using feed-forward pre-equalization and PAM-4 modulation

  Li, X., Bamiedakis, N., Guo, X., McKendry, J. J. D., Xie, E., Ferreira, R., Gu, E., Dawson, M. D., Penty, R. V. & White, I. H., 3 Dec 2015, ECOC 2015 - 41st European Conference on Optical Communication. IEEE, Vol. 2015-November. 7341880. (European Conference on Optical Communication).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Visible light communication
  • Pulse amplitude modulation
  • Light emitting diodes
  • Modulation
  6 Citations (Scopus)

• 2D Velocity Mapping with Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

  Fraser, K., Zhou, B., Poelma, C., Tang, M-X. & Weinberg, P., 2013, p. 15.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Abstract › peer-review

• 2D hexagonal mesoporous platinum films exhibiting biaxial, in-plane pore alignment

  Asghar, K. A., Elliott, J. M. & Squires, A. M., 1 Jan 2012, In: Journal of Materials Chemistry. 22, 26, p. 13311-13317

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Platinum
  • Electrodeposition
  • Pore structure
  • Methanol
  • X ray scattering
  7 Citations (Scopus)

• 28 Gb/s unequalized PAM3 modulation of an 850 nm VCSEL for next-generation datacommunication links

  Ingham, J. D., Penty, R. V., White, I. H. & Cunningham, D. G., 1 Dec 2012, CLEO: Science and Innovations, CLEO_SI 2012.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Surface emitting lasers
  • Modulation

• 28 Gb/s unequalized PAM3 modulation of an 850 nm VCSEL for next-generation datacommunication links

  Ingham, J. D., Penty, R. V., White, I. H. & Cunningham, D. G., 6 Dec 2012, 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012. 6325889

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Surface emitting lasers
  • Modulation

• 25 Gb/s data transmission over a 1.4 m long multimode polymer spiral waveguide

  Bamiedakis, N., Penty, R. V., White, I. H., Westbergh, P. & Larsson, A., 18 Dec 2014, 2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO): Laser Science to Photonic Applications. OSA Publishing, STu1G.7. (Technical Digest (Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics)).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • data transmission
  • Waveguides
  • Data communication systems
  • Polymers
  • Surface emitting lasers
  6 Citations (Scopus)

• 25 Gb/s data transmission over a 1.4 m long multimode polymer spiral waveguide

  Bamiedakis, N., Penty, R. V., White, I. H., Westbergh, P. & Larsson, A., 18 Dec 2014, 2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO): Laser Science to Photonic Applications. OSA Publishing, (Technical Digest (Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics)).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • data transmission
  • Waveguides
  • Data communication systems
  • Polymers
  • Surface emitting lasers

• 250 MHz repetition rate monolithically integrated modulated mode-locked semiconductor laser

  Guo, X., Olle, V. F., Quarterman, A. H., Wonfor, A., Penty, R. V. & White, I. H., 1 Dec 2012, Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, QELS 2012.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Semiconductor optical amplifiers
  • Semiconductor lasers
  • Mach number
  • Semiconductor materials
  • repetition

• 250 MHz repetition rate monolithically integrated modulated mode-locked semiconductor laser

  Guo, X., Olle, V. F., Quarterman, A. H., Wonfor, A., Penty, R. V. & White, I. H., 6 Dec 2012, 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012. 6326583

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

  • Semiconductor optical amplifiers
  • Semiconductor lasers
  • Mach number
  • Semiconductor materials